Beckenkall Consulting Is a Rapidly-Growing Management Consulting Firm

Beckenkall Consulting is a rapidly-growing management consulting firm.As it expands,it needs to hire a number of new consultants every year.The failure rate of new consultants has been too high.The director of HR has decided to see if the success rate of new hires can be increased by selecting applicants who not only have all the technical qualifications,but also have the same personality as successful consultants now working in the firm.Consequently,the HR director gives all the high-performing consultants the MMPI.She sees that there is one dominant type of personality in this group.Now,she has told the manager of recruitment to give the MMPI to applicants as one of the hurdles they must clear before being hired.This is an example of

A) a test of reliability.
B) post-hoc validity.
C) a concurrent validity approach.
D) a predictive validity approach.