Question 1

Of the following medications,which would you recommend during an asthmatic episode to provide the quickest relief?

Accepted Answer

Levalbuterol is a short-acting beta agonist and is the preferred medication for quick relief during an asthmatic episode. Aminophylline is a bronchodilator but takes longer to onset than Levalbuterol. Epinephrine is a non-selective adrenergic agonist that can cause adverse effects and is not recommended as first-line therapy for asthma. Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic medication that is used more for chronic bronchitis and emphysema, not for quick relief during an asthma attack.

Question 2

All of the following are present with asthma except:

Accepted Answer

Loss of elastic recoil in the lung is not a defining characteristic of asthma. The other three choices are commonly observed in individuals with asthma.

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics of obstructive pulmonary diseases distinguish asthma from COPD?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

A physician has asked for your recommendation in setting up a drug regimen for an adolescent patient with chronic allergic asthma.Which of the following agents would be beneficial for long-term effects in controlling this patient's asthma?
 I.Cromolyn sodium
II.Ipratropium bromide
III.Salmeterol

Accepted Answer

Cromolyn sodium and salmeterol are both beneficial for long-term effects in controlling chronic allergic asthma. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabilizer that helps prevent the release of asthma-inducing chemicals, while salmeterol is a long-acting beta-agonist that helps to relax and open the airways. Ipratropium bromide, on the other hand, is more commonly used for treating acute asthma symptoms and is not as effective for long-term control. Therefore, the best choice for long-term control in this case would be a combination of cromolyn sodium and salmeterol.

Question 5

You are evaluating an asthmatic patient in a hospital clinic.When asked how often her symptoms occur,she explains that her attacks occur every day and prevent her from walking to work and school.She adds that some nights,her sleep is disrupted because she is having difficulty breathing.How would you classify the severity of her asthma?

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms, which include daily attacks and nighttime awakenings, along with the impact on her ability to walk to work and school, align with the criteria for moderate persistent asthma. This classification is based on the frequency and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on daily activities.

Question 6

Benefits of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)include all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Blood levels of nicotine from NRT are actually more consistent than with smoking. This is because the amount of nicotine delivered through NRT can be precisely controlled and adjusted, whereas the amount delivered through smoking is dependent on several variables, such as the strength of the cigarette and the individual's inhalation pattern. Therefore, all of the options except D are benefits of NRT.

Question 7

Of the following,which products combine LABAs and corticosteroids? I.Combivent
II.Advair
III.Symbicort

Accepted Answer

Advair and Symbicort are combinations of long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) and corticosteroids, used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Combivent, however, combines a short-acting beta agonist (albuterol) with an anticholinergic (ipratropium) and does not contain a corticosteroid.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids can cause oral candidiasis (thrush) due to the deposition of the corticosteroid powder in the mouth. Therefore, it is recommended to rinse the mouth after inhalation to prevent the risk of infection.

Question 9

A patient with COPD who was admitted to the hospital 2 days ago in acute exacerbation is ordered a pulmonary function test.Upon performing the test,you record his results as an FEV₁/FVC of 60% and an FEV₁ of 39% of predicted value.This patient is in which of the following stages of COPD?

Accepted Answer

The patient is in Stage III of COPD based on the FEV1/FVC ratio of <70% (indicating obstruction) and an FEV1 <50% but ≥30% of the predicted value, which aligns with the criteria for Stage III (Severe) COPD according to the GOLD guidelines.

Question 10

According to the NAEPP guidelines,all patients with asthma should know how to do all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to the NAEPP guidelines, all patients with asthma should be able to use quick-relief medication, take personal peak-flow meter measurements, and recognize symptoms of an attack. However, the guidelines do not recommend that all patients with asthma should use long-term medication daily. The decision to use long-term medication should be made on an individual basis by the healthcare provider based on the severity and frequency of asthma symptoms.

Question 11

Which of the following corticosteroids can cause osteoporosis,hypertension,or cataracts?

Accepted Answer

Methylprednisolone is a systemic corticosteroid that can cause osteoporosis, hypertension, and cataracts with long-term use. Fluticasone, flunisolide, and budesonide are inhaled corticosteroids that have a lower risk of causing these side effects due to their localized effect on the lungs.

Question 12

Which of the following clinical presentations are typical for emphysema? I.Cyanosis
II.Exhaling through pursed lips
III.Marked weight loss

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis is not a typical clinical presentation of emphysema, but exhaling through pursed lips and marked weight loss are. Therefore, the best choice is II and III (B).

Question 13

Patients with exercise-induced asthma should do which of the following to prevent an asthma attack from occurring?

Accepted Answer

Using a short- or long-acting bronchodilator prior to exercise can help prevent an asthma attack from occurring. It is also important for patients to warm up before exercising and to monitor their symptoms during and after exercise. Avoiding exercise altogether is not recommended as it can lead to a decrease in overall health and fitness. Immunotherapy may be considered for patients with allergies that trigger their asthma, but it is not necessarily specific to exercise-induced asthma. PEFR monitoring can be helpful in managing asthma, but it is not the most effective preventative measure for exercise-induced asthma.

Question 14

You are called to the emergency room to treat a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD.Which of the following drugs would be the best choice?

Accepted Answer

Acute exacerbations of COPD are commonly treated with short-acting beta-agonists such as albuterol. This medication works by relaxing the airway muscles and allowing better airflow. Atrovent (B) is another bronchodilator that may be used, but it is not the best initial choice. Cromolyn sodium (C) is a mast cell stabilizer used in the treatment of asthma, but it is not effective in treating acute exacerbations. Theophylline (D) is a medication used to control symptoms of COPD on a long-term basis, but it is not used to treat acute exacerbations.

Question 15

Which of the following drugs used for nicotine addiction does not provide nicotine replacement?

Accepted Answer

Zyban is a non-nicotine medication used for nicotine addiction that works differently from nicotine replacement therapies such as Commit lozenge, Nicotrol, and Nicorette.

Question 16

Which of the following is a diagnostic marker used to confirm a diagnosis of COPD due to emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A history of smoking is a key diagnostic marker for COPD due to emphysema as smoking is the most common cause of this condition. Other factors such as age, exposure to environmental irritants, and genetic predisposition may also be considered when making a diagnosis. The other options listed are not specific to COPD or emphysema, and are not commonly used as diagnostic markers for these conditions.

Question 17

A COPD patient who presents with an FEV₁/FVC of less than 70% and an FEV₁ greater than 80% of predicted value would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

This patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 70%, which meets the diagnostic criteria for COPD. Since the FEV1 is greater than 80% of the predicted value, this falls into the category of mild COPD according to the GOLD guidelines for COPD classification.

Question 18

While reviewing a patient's history and physical examination for diagnostic markers that indicate the presence of asthma,your findings should include all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased A-P chest diameter is not a specific finding for asthma and is more commonly seen in patients with conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis. The other three findings are commonly seen in asthma patients and are used as diagnostic markers.

Question 19

To reduce attacks caused by viral infections,asthmatic patients should do all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Specific immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots, is used to address allergic reactions, not viral infections. Therefore, it would not reduce attacks caused by viral infections in asthmatic patients. Choices B, C, and D are all effective strategies for reducing the risk of viral infections in asthmatic patients.

Question 20

Which of the following describes asthma?

Accepted Answer

Asthma is characterized by episodes of reversible airway hyperreactivity and inflammation, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. A is incorrect as it describes chronic bronchitis, C is incorrect as it describes emphysema, and D is incorrect as it describes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Quiz 13: Pharmacologic Management of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Asthma, chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema

Of the following medications,which would you recommend during an asthmatic episode to provide the quickest relief?

All of the following are present with asthma except:

Which of the following characteristics of obstructive pulmonary diseases distinguish asthma from COPD?

A physician has asked for your recommendation in setting up a drug regimen for an adolescent patient with chronic allergic asthma.Which of the following agents would be beneficial for long-term effects in controlling this patient's asthma? I.Cromolyn sodium II.Ipratropium bromide III.Salmeterol

Benefits of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) include all except which of the following?

Of the following,which products combine LABAs and corticosteroids? I.Combivent II.Advair III.Symbicort

Which of the following is true of inhaled corticosteroids?

A patient with COPD who was admitted to the hospital 2 days ago in acute exacerbation is ordered a pulmonary function test.Upon performing the test,you record his results as an FEV₁/FVC of 60% and an FEV₁ of 39% of predicted value.This patient is in which of the following stages of COPD?

According to the NAEPP guidelines,all patients with asthma should know how to do all except which of the following?

Which of the following corticosteroids can cause osteoporosis,hypertension,or cataracts?

Which of the following clinical presentations are typical for emphysema? I.Cyanosis II.Exhaling through pursed lips III.Marked weight loss

Patients with exercise-induced asthma should do which of the following to prevent an asthma attack from occurring?

You are called to the emergency room to treat a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD.Which of the following drugs would be the best choice?

Which of the following drugs used for nicotine addiction does not provide nicotine replacement?

Which of the following is a diagnostic marker used to confirm a diagnosis of COPD due to emphysema?

A COPD patient who presents with an FEV₁/FVC of less than 70% and an FEV₁ greater than 80% of predicted value would be classified as:

While reviewing a patient's history and physical examination for diagnostic markers that indicate the presence of asthma,your findings should include all except which of the following?

To reduce attacks caused by viral infections,asthmatic patients should do all except which of the following?

Which of the following describes asthma?

Quiz 13: Pharmacologic Management of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Asthma, chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema

Of the following medications,which would you recommend during an asthmatic episode to provide the quickest relief?

All of the following are present with asthma except:

Which of the following characteristics of obstructive pulmonary diseases distinguish asthma from COPD?

A physician has asked for your recommendation in setting up a drug regimen for an adolescent patient with chronic allergic asthma.Which of the following agents would be beneficial for long-term effects in controlling this patient's asthma? I.Cromolyn sodium II.Ipratropium bromide III.Salmeterol

Benefits of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) include all except which of the following?

Of the following,which products combine LABAs and corticosteroids? I.Combivent II.Advair III.Symbicort

Which of the following is true of inhaled corticosteroids?

A patient with COPD who was admitted to the hospital 2 days ago in acute exacerbation is ordered a pulmonary function test.Upon performing the test,you record his results as an FEV1/FVC of 60% and an FEV1 of 39% of predicted value.This patient is in which of the following stages of COPD?

According to the NAEPP guidelines,all patients with asthma should know how to do all except which of the following?

Which of the following corticosteroids can cause osteoporosis,hypertension,or cataracts?

Which of the following clinical presentations are typical for emphysema? I.Cyanosis II.Exhaling through pursed lips III.Marked weight loss

Patients with exercise-induced asthma should do which of the following to prevent an asthma attack from occurring?

You are called to the emergency room to treat a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of COPD.Which of the following drugs would be the best choice?

Which of the following drugs used for nicotine addiction does not provide nicotine replacement?

Which of the following is a diagnostic marker used to confirm a diagnosis of COPD due to emphysema?

A COPD patient who presents with an FEV1/FVC of less than 70% and an FEV1 greater than 80% of predicted value would be classified as:

While reviewing a patient's history and physical examination for diagnostic markers that indicate the presence of asthma,your findings should include all except which of the following?

To reduce attacks caused by viral infections,asthmatic patients should do all except which of the following?

Which of the following describes asthma?

A patient with COPD who was admitted to the hospital 2 days ago in acute exacerbation is ordered a pulmonary function test.Upon performing the test,you record his results as an FEV₁/FVC of 60% and an FEV₁ of 39% of predicted value.This patient is in which of the following stages of COPD?

A COPD patient who presents with an FEV₁/FVC of less than 70% and an FEV₁ greater than 80% of predicted value would be classified as: