Question 1

In which of the following situations would digoxin be administered?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin is commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation, a condition where the heart beats irregularly and sometimes too fast. It can help slow the heart rate and improve the strength of the heart's contractions, making it a useful medication for managing symptoms and reducing the risk of complications associated with this condition. It is not typically used for symptomatic bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or pulseless arrest.

Question 2

Which of the following cardiac agents is also administered for allergic anaphylactic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is a cardiac agent that is also commonly used to treat allergic anaphylactic reactions due to its ability to constrict blood vessels, increase heart rate, and open airways. Atropine and Metoprolol are not commonly used for anaphylactic reactions, while Dopamine primarily affects the kidneys and cardiovascular system rather than the respiratory system.

Question 3

Of the following medications,which drug causes peripheral vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone and causes vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels. It is commonly used in the treatment of hypotension and shock.

Question 4

Treatment for ventricular fibrillation includes all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cardioversion is not typically used as a treatment for ventricular fibrillation, as it involves the delivery of a synchronized electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. Ventricular fibrillation requires unsynchronized electrical shock (defibrillation), along with high-quality CPR including compressions and ventilations.

Question 5

All except which of the following drugs can be safely administered via the endotracheal tube during a resuscitation?

Accepted Answer

Sodium bicarbonate is not administered via the endotracheal tube during resuscitation because it can cause metabolic alkalosis and hypernatremia.

Question 6

Vasopressin can be administered for which of the following reasons during resuscitation?
 I.For hemodynamic support in vasodilatory shock
II.As an alternative to the second dose of epinephrine in pulseless arrest
III.To treat prolonged cardiac arrest after administration of epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin can be used for hemodynamic support in vasodilatory shock due to its vasoconstrictive properties, as an alternative to the second dose of epinephrine in pulseless arrest, and to treat prolonged cardiac arrest after the administration of epinephrine, as it can provide additional vasoconstriction and help in cases where epinephrine is ineffective.

Question 7

Which of the following is an indication for the administration of atropine?

Accepted Answer

Atropine is primarily used for symptomatic bradycardia, as it helps increase heart rate by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system. It is not recommended for the other options listed.

Question 8

Benefits of epinephrine include all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Benefits of epinephrine include all except which...

Question 9

All except which of the following can be the cause of bradycardia?

Accepted Answer

Decreased parasympathetic tone would actually lead to an increase in heart rate, not a decrease. The parasympathetic nervous system acts to slow the heart rate, so a decrease in its tone would result in tachycardia, not bradycardia.

Question 10

A heart rate greater than 130 is usually due to which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A heart rate greater than 130 is usually indicative of a pathologic arrhythmia, which can cause the heart to beat out of sync or too fast. Stress, fever, and hypoxemia can all contribute to an increased heart rate, but they typically do not cause the heart to beat at this high of a rate.

Question 11

All except which of the following are antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Inamrinone is not an antiarrhythmic drug, it is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of heart failure. The other options (A, C, and D) are all antiarrhythmic drugs commonly used in clinical practice.

Question 12

Pulseless cardiac arrest is produced by all except which of the following arrhythmias?

Accepted Answer

Atrial fibrillation does not typically produce pulseless cardiac arrest. It is a supraventricular arrhythmia and does not affect the ventricles in a way that can cause them to stop pumping blood. Asystole, PEA, and ventricular fibrillation are all potential causes of pulseless cardiac arrest.

Question 13

Which of the following drugs would not be used in the treatment of asystole?

Accepted Answer

Lidocaine is used primarily for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and would not be effective in the treatment of asystole, which is a complete absence of electrical activity in the heart. Epinephrine and vasopressin are commonly used to help stimulate the heart and improve the chances of successful resuscitation in cases of asystole. Atropine may also be used to treat certain types of bradyarrhythmias, but would not be effective in asystole as there is no electrical activity to stimulate.

Question 14

The administration of sodium bicarbonate is indicated in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

Sodium bicarbonate is indicated in cardiac arrest due to metabolic acidosis, as it helps to increase the pH level and combat acidosis. It is not indicated in situations related to respiratory failure or hypokalemia. While it may be used during CPR, there is no specific indication for administering it prior to intubation.

Question 15

Administration of positive inotropic drugs causes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Administration of positive inotropic drugs only causes an increased force of contraction of the heart, increased cardiac output, and increased tissue perfusion. It does not necessarily lead to increased conduction through the AV node and increased heart rate, as that would require additional drugs or interventions targeting those specific areas.

Question 16

The acceptable dosage for vasopressin during resuscitation is:

Accepted Answer

The acceptable dosage for vasopressin during resuscitation is 40 units IV or IO given once. This is according to the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Vasopressin is no longer recommended to be given alternately with epinephrine.

Question 17

A patient is brought to the emergency room in full cardiac arrest.The paramedics have not been able to establish intravenous access for administration of resuscitation drugs.Which of the following should be considered?
I.Administering drugs via the endotracheal tube
II.Having the nurse insert a gastric tube
III.Using an intraosseous route

Accepted Answer

The best choice in this scenario would be to use an intraosseous route for administration of resuscitation drugs as it provides quick and reliable access to the systemic circulation. Endotracheal drug administration may be used as a last resort, but it is not as effective as intravenous or intraosseous routes. Inserting a gastric tube would not be helpful in resuscitation efforts and may actually delay necessary interventions.

Question 18

Epinephrine should be used with caution in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine should be used with caution in patients receiving digitalis because epinephrine can exacerbate digitalis toxicity and increase the risk of arrhythmias.

Question 19

Which of the following is an indication for the administration of dobutamine?

Accepted Answer

Dobutamine is indicated for heart failure without signs of shock as it is a positive inotropic drug that increases the force of heart muscle contraction, thereby improving heart function.

Question 20

Administration of sodium bicarbonate causes all of the following effects except:

Accepted Answer

Sodium bicarbonate administration can lead to metabolic alkalosis, increased serum sodium, and hyperosmolality, but it does not enhance oxygen release at the tissues. Instead, it can shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left, which decreases oxygen release to tissues.

Quiz 15: Medications for Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support