Question 1

The product Beano contains __________,which helps humans digest raffinose-series oligosaccharides.
A)  -galactosidase
B)  -galactosidase
C) lactase
D) amylase

Accepted Answer

The active ingredient in Beano is alpha-galactosidase, which helps break down raffinose-series oligosaccharides. Option A is the only choice that includes alpha-galactosidase. Options B, C, and D are enzymes that are involved in digesting other types of carbohydrates, but not raffinose-series oligosaccharides.

Question 2

Which of the following oligosaccharides are found in high abundance in some types of vegetables and have been known to cause intestinal distress?
A) lacto-N-tetraose
B) verbascose
C) amylose
D) amylopectin

Accepted Answer

Verbascose is found in high concentrations in some vegetables such as beans, broccoli, and cabbage. It is a trisaccharide that can be difficult for some individuals to digest, leading to intestinal distress such as bloating and gas. Lacto-N-tetraose, on the other hand, is a tetrasaccharide found in human breast milk and has not been associated with intestinal distress. Amylose and amylopectin are both polysaccharides found in starch and are not typically associated with vegetables or intestinal distress.

Question 3

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify where lectins are located on the figure. 
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 6

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

One of the functions of polysaccharides includes
A) enzymatically removing glycans through hydrolysis reactions.
B) functioning as a structural component in invertebrate exoskeletons.
C) acting as metabolic intermediates in energy conversion pathways.
D) enzymatically linking glycans to proteins and lipids.

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides, such as chitin, serve as a structural component in invertebrate exoskeletons. They provide strength and rigidity to the exoskeleton, allowing the organism to maintain its shape and protect its internal organs.

Question 5

The structure of raffinose,stachyose,and verbascose differ in the number of __________ units attached to a __________.
A) galactose; lactose
B) glucose; sucrose
C) galactose; sucrose
D) glucose; lactose

Accepted Answer

Raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose are all oligosaccharides composed of a glucose molecule, a fructose molecule, and multiple galactose units. The difference is in the number of galactose units attached to the glucose molecule. Raffinose has one galactose unit, stachyose has two, and verbascose has three. The answer choice C correctly identifies the differing units as galactose and the main sugar molecule as sucrose.

Question 6

Eating large amounts of vegetables can cause flatulence because of the presence of
A) glucose.
B) lactose.
C) starch.
D) raffinose.

Accepted Answer

Raffinose is a complex carbohydrate that is commonly found in vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and beans. It can be difficult for the human body to digest, which can result in flatulence. Glucose and starch are simple carbohydrates that are easily digested, so they would not cause flatulence. Lactose is a sugar found in dairy products, and while it can cause flatulence in people with lactose intolerance, it is not present in vegetables. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 7

One of the functions of simple sugars includes
A) enzymatically removing glycans through hydrolysis reactions.
B) functioning as a structural component in invertebrate exoskeletons.
C) acting as metabolic intermediates in energy conversion pathways.
D) enzymatically linking glycans to proteins and lipids.

Accepted Answer

Simple sugars, such as glucose, are an important source of energy for cells and are used as metabolic intermediates in processes such as glycolysis and cellular respiration.

Question 8

The image below shows a(n)__________ glycosidic bond. 
A)  -1,4-
B)  -1,4-
C)  -1,6-
D)  -1,6-

Accepted Answer

The answer of The image below shows a(n)__________ glycosidic bond....

Question 9

Glycoconjugates are linked to proteins or lipids via
A) London forces.
B) ionic bonds.
C) covalent bonds.
D) hydrogen bonds.

Accepted Answer

Glycoconjugates are covalently linked to proteins or lipids via a glycosidic bond, which is a type of covalent bond.

Question 10

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify the cellular structure where glycosyltransferase enzymes function. 
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Accepted Answer

Glycosyltransferase enzymes function in the Golgi apparatus (structure 2) where they synthesize and modify glycoconjugates before secretion.

Question 11

The growth rate of nonruminating animals often decreases when they eat feed containing __________ because of the inability to digest it.
A) glucose
B) lactose
C) starch
D) raffinose

Accepted Answer

Nonruminating animals lack the necessary enzymes to digest complex carbohydrates such as raffinose. As a result, consuming feed containing raffinose can lead to a decrease in their growth rate. Glucose, lactose, and starch can be digested by nonruminating animals, but ruminants have a higher ability to digest them.

Question 12

Which simple sugar major group ranges in size from 3 to 20 branched and unbranched sugar residues?
A) monosaccharides
B) disaccharides
C) oligosaccharides
D) polysaccharides

Accepted Answer

Oligosaccharides are composed of 3 to 20 sugar residues, either branched or unbranched. Monosaccharides are single sugar units, disaccharides are composed of two sugar units, and polysaccharides are composed of hundreds to thousands of sugar units.

Question 13

Which glucose homopolymer is generated during daylight hours in plants?
A) sucrose
B) galactose
C) starch
D) glycogen

Accepted Answer

Starch is the glucose homopolymer that is generated during daylight hours in plants through the process of photosynthesis. Sucrose is synthesized from glucose and fructose in the cells of the plant during the daytime and is used for energy storage. Galactose and glycogen are not glucose homopolymers generated in plants.

Question 14

Which glycan is a major component of plant cell walls?
A) cellulose
B) chitin
C) starch
D) glycogen

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls, while chitin is found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and fungi, starch serves as a storage carbohydrate in plants and glycogen in animals.

Question 15

Which disaccharide can be found in fermented beverages such as beer?
A) sucrose
B) glucose
C) lactose
D) maltose

Accepted Answer

Maltose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules and is commonly found in grains such as barley, which is a key ingredient in the brewing of beer. During the brewing process, enzymes break down starch molecules in barley into maltose, which is then fermented by yeast to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. Therefore, maltose is the disaccharide that can be found in fermented beverages such as beer.

Question 16

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify the cell surface glycoconjugates. 
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 6

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following figure shows the cellular processes...

Question 17

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because
A) humans do not have the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds.
B) they bind to bifidobacteria in the gut.
C) they function as soluble decoys that inhibit pathogenic bacteria from invading the epithelial cells.
D) humans have a large number of competing glycan binding sites.

Accepted Answer

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because they do not have the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds.

Question 18

The image below shows a(n)__________ glycosidic bond. 
A)  -1,4-
B)  -1,4-
C)  -1,6-
D)  -1,6-

Accepted Answer

The image shows a β-1,4-glycosidic bond, which is characteristic of cellulose, since it links two glucose molecules in the β configuration. The only option that indicates a β-1,4-glycosidic bond is B, where the "a645" in the middle of the code indicates that two carbon atoms (C1 and C4) of adjacent glucose molecules are involved in the bond.

Question 19

Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?
A) sucrose
B) glucose
C) lactose
D) maltose

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. Glucose is a monosaccharide, while sucrose, lactose, and maltose are disaccharides, consisting of two monosaccharides linked together.

Question 20

Which glucose homopolymer would be used if a person had to sprint quickly?
A) sucrose
B) galactose
C) starch
D) glycogen

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the glucose homopolymer that would be used if a person had to sprint quickly because it is the primary storage form of glucose in animals and can be rapidly broken down into glucose for energy during exercise. Starch and sucrose are not as readily available for immediate energy needs, and galactose is not a significant storage form of glucose in animals.

Quiz 13: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

The product Beano contains __________,which helps humans digest raffinose-series oligosaccharides.

Which of the following oligosaccharides are found in high abundance in some types of vegetables and have been known to cause intestinal distress?

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify where lectins are located on the figure.

One of the functions of polysaccharides includes

The structure of raffinose,stachyose,and verbascose differ in the number of units attached to a .

Eating large amounts of vegetables can cause flatulence because of the presence of

One of the functions of simple sugars includes

The image below shows a(n) __________ glycosidic bond.

Glycoconjugates are linked to proteins or lipids via

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify the cellular structure where glycosyltransferase enzymes function.

The growth rate of nonruminating animals often decreases when they eat feed containing __________ because of the inability to digest it.

Which simple sugar major group ranges in size from 3 to 20 branched and unbranched sugar residues?

Which glucose homopolymer is generated during daylight hours in plants?

Which glycan is a major component of plant cell walls?

Which disaccharide can be found in fermented beverages such as beer?

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify the cell surface glycoconjugates.

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because

The image below shows a(n) __________ glycosidic bond.

Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?

Which glucose homopolymer would be used if a person had to sprint quickly?