Question 1

Bidirectional replication is defined as replication

Accepted Answer

Bidirectional replication involves two replication forks that move in opposite directions, resulting in the simultaneous replication of both strands of DNA.

Question 2

What is the name for the relationship between the original DNA and replicate DNA?

Accepted Answer

The relationship between the original DNA and replicate DNA is called parent and daughter, with the original DNA being the parent and the replicated DNA being the daughter.

Question 3

Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA primase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer that is required for DNA replication to begin. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the strand following the primer. DNA polymerization is not a specific enzyme and DNA Pol III is one of the DNA polymerases that adds nucleotides to the strand after the primer.

Question 4

How can DNA strands be synthesized using bidirectional replication?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can DNA strands be synthesized using...

Question 5

HIVRT is closely related to which DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

The answer of HIVRT is closely related to which DNA...

Question 6

The  -hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from

Accepted Answer

The 3'-hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from the RNA primer. This is because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group, and the RNA primer provides this starting point for elongation of the new DNA strand.

Therefore, Option A is the best choice as it correctly explains the origin of the 3'-hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis. The other options are incorrect as magnesium ions and uracils do not directly contribute the 3'-hydroxyl group required for DNA synthesis initiation, and amino acids are not involved in the early stages of DNA synthesis.

Question 7

Why do helicase and gyrase need to work together?

Accepted Answer

Helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA molecule during DNA replication, but this process creates torsional strain ahead of the replication fork. Gyrase alleviates this strain by introducing negative supercoils into the DNA, making it easier for helicase to continue unwinding the DNA. Therefore, both enzymes need to work together to efficiently replicate DNA. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the roles of helicase and gyrase in DNA replication.

Question 8

Which of the following functions does a reverse transcriptase perform?

Accepted Answer

A reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA into DNA, which is known as reverse transcription. This enzyme is often found in retroviruses and is used to convert their RNA genome into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host genome.

Question 9

All DNA is synthesized in which direction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of All DNA is synthesized in which direction?
...

Question 10

The best definition for DNA replication is when a cell copies its __________ genome and is __________ cell division.

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its entire genome in preparation for cell division. This is a required element of cell division in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Therefore, option A is the best answer.

Question 11

If ¹⁵N DNA replicated using conservative replication in ¹⁴N media,the outcome would be that new DNA has

Accepted Answer

Conservative replication involves the formation of two new double-stranded DNA molecules, with one molecule being completely newly synthesized and the other being completely conserved from the parental DNA molecule. Therefore, if ¹⁵N DNA replicates using conservative replication in ¹⁴N media, the outcome would be that one of the daughter DNA molecules would have an entirely low density (conserved from the parental molecule), while the other daughter DNA molecule would have an entirely high density (completely newly synthesized). Thus, the new DNA would have one high density and one low density strand, making option D the correct answer.

Question 12

Semiconservative,as it relates to DNA replication,can be defined as when the original duplex DNA template

Accepted Answer

In semiconservative replication, the original DNA strands separate and each serves as a template for a new complementary strand, resulting in two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand.

Question 13

DNA polymerase does not make mismatched base pairs because

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase has an active site that specifically fits complementary base pairs. Mismatched base pairs will not fit well into the active site and therefore, DNA polymerase cannot add them to the growing strand.

Question 14

A replication fork is necessary because it allows

Accepted Answer

The answer of A replication fork is necessary because it...

Question 15

What is the correct order of the following steps to synthesize new DNA?
1)Addition of an RNA primer
2)Extension of the RNA primer
3)Conversion of double-stranded DNA to single-stranded DNA
4)Synthesize new DNA

Accepted Answer

The correct order for DNA synthesis is:
1)Conversion of double-stranded DNA to single-stranded DNA (by helicase enzyme)
2)Addition of an RNA primer (by primase enzyme)
3)Extension of the RNA primer (by DNA polymerase enzyme)
4)Synthesize new DNA (by DNA polymerase enzyme)

Question 16

Which are the major prokaryotic DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

The major prokaryotic DNA polymerases are Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III. Pol I is involved in DNA repair and synthesis of RNA primers. Pol II is involved in DNA repair and translesion synthesis. Pol III is the main polymerase responsible for replicating bacterial chromosomes. Pol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 is not a prokaryotic DNA polymerase. Pol Σ is a eukaryotic DNA polymerase.

Question 17

What is a major function of prokaryotic DNA polymerase I besides replication?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA polymerase I has a 5' to 3' exonuclease activity that allows it to remove the RNA primer during Okazaki fragment processing. This proofreading function helps ensure the accuracy of DNA replication.

Question 18

The complete complex that contains the enzymes and proteins required to replicate DNA is called the

Accepted Answer

The complete complex that contains the enzymes and proteins required to replicate DNA is called the replisome. Primase, polymerase, and DNA gyrase are all enzymes or proteins that are part of the replisome, but individually they do not make up the entire complex.

Question 19

Which prokaryotic polymerase is mainly responsible for DNA proofreading?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which prokaryotic polymerase is mainly responsible for...

Question 20

The role of Mg²⁺ in DNA replication is to __________ the incoming deoxynucleotide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The role of Mg²⁺ in DNA replication...

Quiz 20: Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Bidirectional replication is defined as replication

What is the name for the relationship between the original DNA and replicate DNA?

Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer for DNA replication?

How can DNA strands be synthesized using bidirectional replication?

HIVRT is closely related to which DNA polymerase?

The -hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from

Why do helicase and gyrase need to work together?

Which of the following functions does a reverse transcriptase perform?

All DNA is synthesized in which direction?

The best definition for DNA replication is when a cell copies its genome and is cell division.

If ¹⁵N DNA replicated using conservative replication in ¹⁴N media,the outcome would be that new DNA has

Semiconservative,as it relates to DNA replication,can be defined as when the original duplex DNA template

DNA polymerase does not make mismatched base pairs because

A replication fork is necessary because it allows

What is the correct order of the following steps to synthesize new DNA? 1) Addition of an RNA primer 2) Extension of the RNA primer 3) Conversion of double-stranded DNA to single-stranded DNA 4) Synthesize new DNA

Which are the major prokaryotic DNA polymerases?

What is a major function of prokaryotic DNA polymerase I besides replication?

The complete complex that contains the enzymes and proteins required to replicate DNA is called the

Which prokaryotic polymerase is mainly responsible for DNA proofreading?

The role of Mg²⁺ in DNA replication is to __________ the incoming deoxynucleotide.

Quiz 20: Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Bidirectional replication is defined as replication

What is the name for the relationship between the original DNA and replicate DNA?

Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer for DNA replication?

How can DNA strands be synthesized using bidirectional replication?

HIVRT is closely related to which DNA polymerase?

The -hydroxyl group used to initiate DNA synthesis comes from

Why do helicase and gyrase need to work together?

Which of the following functions does a reverse transcriptase perform?

All DNA is synthesized in which direction?

The best definition for DNA replication is when a cell copies its __________ genome and is __________ cell division.

If 15N DNA replicated using conservative replication in 14N media,the outcome would be that new DNA has

Semiconservative,as it relates to DNA replication,can be defined as when the original duplex DNA template

DNA polymerase does not make mismatched base pairs because

A replication fork is necessary because it allows

What is the correct order of the following steps to synthesize new DNA? 1) Addition of an RNA primer 2) Extension of the RNA primer 3) Conversion of double-stranded DNA to single-stranded DNA 4) Synthesize new DNA

Which are the major prokaryotic DNA polymerases?

What is a major function of prokaryotic DNA polymerase I besides replication?

The complete complex that contains the enzymes and proteins required to replicate DNA is called the

Which prokaryotic polymerase is mainly responsible for DNA proofreading?

The role of Mg2+ in DNA replication is to __________ the incoming deoxynucleotide.

The best definition for DNA replication is when a cell copies its genome and is cell division.

If ¹⁵N DNA replicated using conservative replication in ¹⁴N media,the outcome would be that new DNA has

The role of Mg²⁺ in DNA replication is to __________ the incoming deoxynucleotide.