The 1938 Radio Broadcast of War of the Worlds Made

The 1938 radio broadcast of War of the Worlds made millions of listeners believe that Martians were invading Earth; however, most listeners didn't believe that the story was real. This outcome ultimately helped lay the groundwork for which research model?

A) The hypodermic-needle model
B) The minimal-effects model
C) The uses and gratifications model
D) The survey model
E) The textual analysis model