Question 1

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)appears to be a promising treatment for which of the following psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears to be a promising treatment for both schizophrenia and depression. While there is some research on the use of rTMS for other psychological disorders (such as ADHD and autism), the strongest evidence so far supports its efficacy in treating these two conditions.

Question 2

Reversible lesions are produced by applying

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reversible lesions are produced by applying
...

Question 3

Naturally occurring lesions were interpreted by

Accepted Answer

Paul Broca is known for his discovery of the area of the brain responsible for speech production (now known as Broca's area) through observation of patients with language impairments resulting from brain damage.

Question 4

Animals will gain up to two to three times their normal weight when the

Accepted Answer

Lesioning the ventromedial hypothalamus results in an increase in appetite and a decrease in metabolism, leading to weight gain.

Question 5

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)_________ activity in the underlying cortex?

Accepted Answer

The effects of rTMS on cortical activity can vary, depending on the parameters of the stimulation. High-frequency rTMS (typically 5-20 Hz) can increase cortical excitability, while low-frequency rTMS (typically 1 Hz) can decrease excitability. However, the specific response can also depend on the individual, the location of stimulation, and other factors. Therefore, rTMS can either increase or decrease activity in the underlying cortex.

Question 6

Most chemicals in the blood supply

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier that prevents most chemicals and substances from entering the brain. Therefore, most chemicals in the blood supply are less likely to enter the brain than other organs.

Question 7

José Delgado controlled a fighting bull by using

Accepted Answer

José Delgado was a Spanish neuroscientist who famously demonstrated the use of electrical stimulation in controlling the behavior of a fighting bull. He implanted electrodes into the bull's brain and was able to stop it in its tracks as it charged towards him by using a remote control to deliver electrical impulses to specific regions of its brain.

Question 8

Both lesions and electrical brain stimulation allow scientists to

Accepted Answer

Both lesions and electrical brain stimulation are used to observe the functions of particular parts of the brain. Lesions involve damaging or removing a specific region of the brain, while electrical brain stimulation involves applying a small electrical current to a specific area of the brain to temporarily disrupt its function. By observing the behavioral or cognitive changes that result from these interventions, scientists can infer the function of the targeted brain region.

Question 9

Olds and Milner investigated brain structures responsible for reward by using

Accepted Answer

Olds and Milner used electrical stimulation to investigate brain structures responsible for reward, specifically identifying the brain's "pleasure centers."

Question 10

Dr.Wilson is interested in the functions of a nucleus found in the hypothalamus of rats.Which of the following technologies would you recommend to Dr.Wilson for answering this question?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Wilson is interested in the functions of...

Question 11

In addition to the more contemporary researchers discussed in the section on brain stimulation,which 19^th century researcher(s)also used electrical brain stimulation to map functions of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Fritsch and Hitzig were 19th century researchers who used electrical brain stimulation to map functions of the cerebral cortex in dogs. They found that stimulation of specific areas of the cortex produced specific movements in the animals' limbs.

Question 12

Colin's schizophrenia is responding well to his medication,but he continues to be bothered by auditory hallucinations,in which voices continually criticize his actions.Colin's physician might try which of the following technologies in order to provide him with relief from these troubling symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to be effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in individuals with schizophrenia. It involves the use of a magnetic field to stimulate brain cells in the auditory cortex, which may help to interrupt or modify the neural circuits that are responsible for generating the hallucinations. Lesions and electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex are not typically used to treat schizophrenia, and gene therapy is still an experimental approach that has not yet been proven to be effective in treating psychiatric disorders.

Question 13

In separate investigations,Robert Heath and Olds and Milner demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Both Heath and Olds and Milner showed that animals and people will self-administer electrical stimulation to certain parts of the brain, indicating that it has a pleasurable or rewarding effect.

Question 14

The purpose of conducting research using the technique illustrated in this figure is to

Accepted Answer

The figure illustrates the technique of functional neuroimaging, which is used to identify the function of a target area of the brain. This technique is primarily used to assess changes in blood flow, metabolism, or other physiological processes associated with the performance of a particular task or behavior. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice. While the other options may be relevant to other neuroscience techniques, they are not specific to functional neuroimaging.

Question 15

The use of experimentally induced lesions was introduced by

Accepted Answer

Pierre Flourens is known for using experimentally induced lesions in animals to study the functions of different brain regions.

Question 16

The analysis of lesions allows researchers to

Accepted Answer

Lesions refer to damage to a particular part of the brain. By analyzing the effects of lesions on brain function, researchers can identify the function of that particular part of the brain. This is because damage to a specific part of the brain will result in specific impairments in behavior, cognition, or other functions. Therefore, the analysis of lesions is a useful tool for understanding the function of different brain regions.

Question 17

Which technology has been shown to produce temporary savant abilities,such as the ability to perform complicated mental calculations quickly,in healthy participants?

Accepted Answer

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to temporarily produce savant-like abilities, including increased ability to perform mental calculations quickly. Studies have demonstrated that rTMS can enhance certain aspects of cognitive function by targeting specific brain areas, resulting in a short-term improvement in abilities.

Question 18

Permanent lesions are usually produced by applying

Accepted Answer

Permanent lesions are typically produced by the application of heat or chemicals, as these methods can cause lasting damage to tissue. Cold can also result in tissue damage, but typically only if applied for extended periods of time or at extremely low temperatures. Magnetism is generally not used to produce lesions, as it does not have a direct effect on tissue.

Question 19

When a large area of brain is deliberately damaged,we refer to the result as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a large area of brain is...

Question 20

Using electrical brain stimulation,researchers have located areas of the brain that appear to be involved with

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that electrical brain stimulation can affect both positive emotions, such as pleasure and happiness, and negative emotions, such as anxiety and sadness. Therefore, the best answer is C, which indicates that both positive and negative emotions are involved.

Quiz 1: Introducing Biological Psychology

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears to be a promising treatment for which of the following psychological disorders?

Reversible lesions are produced by applying

Naturally occurring lesions were interpreted by

Animals will gain up to two to three times their normal weight when the

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) _________ activity in the underlying cortex?

Most chemicals in the blood supply

José Delgado controlled a fighting bull by using

Both lesions and electrical brain stimulation allow scientists to

Olds and Milner investigated brain structures responsible for reward by using

Dr.Wilson is interested in the functions of a nucleus found in the hypothalamus of rats.Which of the following technologies would you recommend to Dr.Wilson for answering this question?

In addition to the more contemporary researchers discussed in the section on brain stimulation,which 19^th century researcher(s) also used electrical brain stimulation to map functions of the cerebral cortex?

Colin's schizophrenia is responding well to his medication,but he continues to be bothered by auditory hallucinations,in which voices continually criticize his actions.Colin's physician might try which of the following technologies in order to provide him with relief from these troubling symptoms?

In separate investigations,Robert Heath and Olds and Milner demonstrated that

The purpose of conducting research using the technique illustrated in this figure is to

The use of experimentally induced lesions was introduced by

The analysis of lesions allows researchers to

Which technology has been shown to produce temporary savant abilities,such as the ability to perform complicated mental calculations quickly,in healthy participants?

Permanent lesions are usually produced by applying

When a large area of brain is deliberately damaged,we refer to the result as a(n)

Using electrical brain stimulation,researchers have located areas of the brain that appear to be involved with

Quiz 1: Introducing Biological Psychology

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) appears to be a promising treatment for which of the following psychological disorders?

Reversible lesions are produced by applying

Naturally occurring lesions were interpreted by

Animals will gain up to two to three times their normal weight when the

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) _________ activity in the underlying cortex?

Most chemicals in the blood supply

José Delgado controlled a fighting bull by using

Both lesions and electrical brain stimulation allow scientists to

Olds and Milner investigated brain structures responsible for reward by using

Dr.Wilson is interested in the functions of a nucleus found in the hypothalamus of rats.Which of the following technologies would you recommend to Dr.Wilson for answering this question?

In addition to the more contemporary researchers discussed in the section on brain stimulation,which 19th century researcher(s) also used electrical brain stimulation to map functions of the cerebral cortex?

Colin's schizophrenia is responding well to his medication,but he continues to be bothered by auditory hallucinations,in which voices continually criticize his actions.Colin's physician might try which of the following technologies in order to provide him with relief from these troubling symptoms?

In separate investigations,Robert Heath and Olds and Milner demonstrated that

The purpose of conducting research using the technique illustrated in this figure is to

The use of experimentally induced lesions was introduced by

The analysis of lesions allows researchers to

Which technology has been shown to produce temporary savant abilities,such as the ability to perform complicated mental calculations quickly,in healthy participants?

Permanent lesions are usually produced by applying

When a large area of brain is deliberately damaged,we refer to the result as a(n)

Using electrical brain stimulation,researchers have located areas of the brain that appear to be involved with

In addition to the more contemporary researchers discussed in the section on brain stimulation,which 19^th century researcher(s) also used electrical brain stimulation to map functions of the cerebral cortex?