Question 1

Phenotypes refer to

Accepted Answer

Phenotypes refer to the physical and behavioral characteristics of inheritance displayed by an individual. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choice B refers to the concepts of genotype and phenotype, but it does not accurately describe phenotypes on their own. Choice C is incorrect because while it includes some accurate information (i.e., phenotypes include both genetic and environmental factors), it also includes the incorrect information that genomes can be unexpressed. Choice D is incorrect because a correct answer does exist.

Question 2

Consultation with a genetic counselor may be helpful for speech-language pathologists and audiologists if their client has

Accepted Answer

Pierre Robin Syndrome is a genetic disorder that can affect speech and hearing, among other things. A genetic counselor can provide information about the specific genetic cause of the disorder and the likelihood of it being passed on to future generations. Therefore, consultation with a genetic counselor may be helpful for speech-language pathologists and audiologists in managing the communication difficulties associated with this syndrome. The other options (A, B, and D) do not typically have a genetic component, and therefore consultation with a genetic counselor would not be necessary.

Question 3

Syndrome

Accepted Answer

A syndrome is a recognizable pattern of abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or disease. It is often characterized by a specific set of symptoms or physical features that help to identify the condition.

Question 4

Human genome

Accepted Answer

The human genome refers to the complete set of genes in a human, which is estimated to be around 30,000 in number. This genome contains all the genetic information required for the development and functioning of a human being.

Question 5

Constructing pedigrees for a family that has a child with a genetic disorder is one clinical service provided by audiologists and speech-language pathologists.

Accepted Answer

Constructing pedigrees for a family that has a child with a genetic disorder is typically the role of genetic counselors, not audiologists and speech-language pathologists. Audiologists and speech-language pathologists focus on assessing and treating hearing, balance, and communication disorders.

Question 6

Highly expressive traits are seen in one child to higher degrees than they are seen in siblings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Highly expressive traits are seen in one...

Question 7

Each time a gene is passed from one generation to the next,some alterations occur.

Accepted Answer

Each time a gene is passed to the next generation, there is a possibility of genetic changes or mutations occurring, leading to alterations in the genetic material.

Question 8

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome but has the fewest number of genes.

Accepted Answer

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome in terms of size, but it actually contains around 2,968 genes which is the highest number of genes among all human chromosomes.

Question 9

Slight variations in our genomes that are responsible for our individual differences and predisposition to disease and disorder are called

Accepted Answer

SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are the most common type of genetic variation in our DNA sequence, where one nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) is replaced with another in a single position. SNPs can have functional implications for protein expression, activity, and regulation, and they are associated with various traits, phenotypes, and diseases. MMPs (multiple nucleotide polymorphisms) and MNMs (multiple nucleotide mutations) are not commonly used terms in genetics. SNPs are more appropriate in this context.

Question 10

Gene expression refers to the passing on of traits from parents to children.

Accepted Answer

Gene expression refers to the process by which genetic information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, such as a protein or RNA molecule. It does not refer to the passing on of traits from parents to children, which is the result of genetic inheritance.

Question 11

Research linking genetics with communication disorders include identifying genetic markers for speech delay,laryngeal paralysis,and autism.

Accepted Answer

Research has identified genetic markers for speech delay, laryngeal paralysis, and autism, linking genetics with communication disorders.

Question 12

The Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas GENSAT)helps investigators understand which genes are critical in the nervous system and how they function.

Accepted Answer

GENSAT is a publicly available database that provides information on gene expression in the nervous system of mice, allowing researchers to identify genes that are important for nervous system function and development.

Question 13

Changes within genes can produce proteins that don't work normally or don't work at all,which may result in disease or disorder.

Accepted Answer

Changes within genes can alter the genetic code, leading to the production of abnormal proteins or the absence of a necessary protein, which can cause diseases or disorders.

Question 14

Recessive inheritance

Accepted Answer

In recessive inheritance, a child must inherit two copies of the recessive allele, one from each parent, for the trait or disorder to be expressed.

Question 15

Genes

Accepted Answer

Genes are specific units of DNA that determine and transmit hereditary characteristics from parent to offspring. They contain the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Genes also play a role in the development of certain diseases and disorders.

Question 16

Genetics

Accepted Answer

Genetics is the branch of biological science that studies the inheritance and function of genes, including how traits are passed down from parents to offspring and the relationship between genes and disease. It involves the study of DNA, chromosomes, and heredity patterns.

Question 17

Genes are composed of DNA and are found on specific locations of the chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Genes are composed of DNA and are located on specific regions of the chromosomes called loci or gene loci.

Question 18

Birth defects

Accepted Answer

Birth defects can be characterized by structural, functional, or metabolic abnormalities, and approximately 150,000 babies are affected by them each year. Depending on the type and severity of the birth defect, it may also lead to communication disorders. Therefore, all the options are correct, and the best choice is D.

Question 19

Specific genes have been associated with deafness and Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

Specific genes such as PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE have been associated with both deafness and Alzheimer's disease.

Question 20

Dominant inheritance

Accepted Answer

Dominant inheritance is characterized by a single copy of a particular gene being enough to express the associated trait or disorder. This means that if one parent has the condition, there is a 50% chance of passing it on to their children. Therefore, dominant inheritance is passed on by one parent.

Quiz 5: Genetics: Basis for Development and Disorders