Question 1

The most frequently occurring type of cerebral palsy is spastic cerebral palsy.

Accepted Answer

Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for approximately 70-80% of all cases of cerebral palsy.

Question 2

The most frequently occurring dysarthria is spastic dysarthria.

Accepted Answer

The most frequently occurring dysarthria is flaccid dysarthria, often resulting from damage to cranial or peripheral nerves that control the muscles of speech, rather than spastic dysarthria, which results from damage to the central nervous system pathways that control these muscles.

Question 3

Casey is four years old.She presents with a phonemic inventory of 5 consonants and 5 vowels,and inconsistent substitution,omission and distortion errors involving these speech sounds.The frequency of her speech sound errors increase as word length increases.She also exhibits monopitch and monoloudness.Her likely diagnosis is

Accepted Answer

Casey's inconsistent substitution, omission, and distortion errors, along with the increased frequency of errors with longer words, suggest a motor planning/programming disorder such as apraxia of speech. The monopitch and monoloudness could also be a result of the motor planning difficulties. The other dysarthrias (spastic, hypokinetic, and mixed) would typically present with more consistent errors and have different underlying causes.

Question 4

Researchers have identified eight types of dysarthria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have identified eight types of dysarthria....

Question 5

Shaun's hypernasality most likely results from

Accepted Answer

Hypernasality is caused by velopharyngeal insufficiency, which occurs when the velopharyngeal valve doesn't close properly during speech, allowing air to escape through the nose.

Question 6

Shaun's condition was probably caused by damage to the brain that may have occurred

Accepted Answer

Damage to the brain that results in conditions similar to Shaun's can occur during fetal development, birth, or shortly after birth. Therefore, any of the above choices could be the cause of Shaun's condition.

Question 7

Greene has Tourette's Syndrome.He experiences brief,recurrent compulsive movements.He also has vocal tics that include coughing,and grunting.Stuttering-like repetitions,echolalia,and coprolalia characterize his speech.His type of dysarthria is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The description of brief, recurrent compulsive movements, vocal tics (coughing, grunting), stuttering-like repetitions, echolalia, and coprolalia characterizing the speech of the individual in the question suggests hyperkinetic dysarthria. Tourette's syndrome is a type of hyperkinetic disorder, and hyperkinetic dysarthria is a result of basal ganglia dysfunction, which affects motor activity control, resulting in excessive, involuntary movements.

Question 8

Fasciculations refer to voluntary twitches of individual muscles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fasciculations refer to voluntary twitches of individual...

Question 9

Flaccidity refers to muscle weakness.

Accepted Answer

Flaccidity is the state of being weak and lacking firmness or tone, particularly in reference to muscles that are not able to contract properly. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 10

Brian's speech is characterized by imprecise consonant articulation,slow labored speech,monopitch,low pitch,monoloudness and hypernasality.His speech-language pathologist wants to assist Brian with monitoring his attempts to vary his pitch and loudness as well as increase his motivation to participate in speech therapy.She decides to use

Accepted Answer

The Speech Viewer software can provide visual feedback to Brian by graphing his pitch, loudness, and articulation in real-time, encouraging him to monitor and vary these aspects of his speech. This can increase his motivation to participate in therapy by providing him with concrete and measurable goals to work towards. The other options, colorful pictures, the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), and a palatal lift prosthesis, do not directly address Brian's specific speech characteristics or goals.

Question 11

Apraxia of speech is a well-understood neurogenic speech disorder.

Accepted Answer

Apraxia of speech is not fully understood; it involves complex neural processes, and research is ongoing to better understand its mechanisms and treatment.

Question 12

In addition to dysarthria,children with cerebral palsy may have feeding problems because

Accepted Answer

The same set of muscles that are involved in speech production are also involved in chewing and swallowing. As a result, children with dysarthria in cerebral palsy have difficulty with both speech and feeding.

Question 13

Developmental dysarthria is most commonly associated with children with cleft lip and palate.

Accepted Answer

Developmental dysarthria can have multiple causes, including neurological disorders, genetic conditions, and developmental delay. While cleft lip and palate can impact speech production, it is not the most common cause of developmental dysarthria.

Question 14

Six year old Brian has cerebral palsy resulting from bilateral upper motor neuron damage.He exhibits hypertonia,hyperreflexia,dysarthria,dysphonia,bilateral hemiparesis,and drooling.Brian has been diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Brian's symptoms of hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and bilateral hemiparesis are all characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy. Athetoid cerebral palsy typically presents with uncontrolled, involuntary movements, while ataxic cerebral palsy involves difficulties with balance and coordination. Mixed cerebral palsy refers to a combination of spastic, athetoid, and/or ataxic symptoms.

Question 15

Myasthenia Gravis is a neurological disorder in which the patient experiences muscle weakness that progressively worsens with activity.The effort the patient puts forth during speech eventually leads to muscle fatigue resulting in hypernasality,onset of dysphonia,reduced speech intelligibility and reduced loudness.The type of dysarthria manifested by a patient with myasthenia gravis is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia Gravis is caused due to the breakdown of the neuromuscular junction, leading to weak or flaccid muscles. Flaccid dysarthria is characterized by reduced muscle tone, weak or absent reflexes, and muscle weakness, which is why it is the most likely type of dysarthria manifested in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Question 16

Shaun was born with the inability to coordinate and control motor movement and posture.Specifically,Shaun exhibits involuntary and uncontrolled movements of his arms and legs,hands and feet.His purposeful movements are slow and writhing.He also exhibits distorted facial patterns and drooling.Shaun's diagnosis is probably

Accepted Answer

Shaun's symptoms match those of a person with athetoid cerebral palsy, which is characterized by slow writhing movements, distorted facial patterns, and drooling.

Question 17

Neurogenic speech disorders are caused by damage to the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Neurogenic speech disorders are caused by damage to the nervous system, such as from stroke, head injury, Parkinson's disease, ALS, or other neurological conditions.

Question 18

Many children with DAS make slow progress in speech therapy.

Accepted Answer

Children with DAS often struggle with speech and language, and progress in speech therapy can be slower than for other children with speech difficulties. It may take longer for them to master the motor planning and coordination needed for speech movements. However, with consistent and specialized therapy, many children with DAS can make significant improvement in their speech and communication skills.

Question 19

Shaun's speech is unintelligible.All aspects of his speech production are impaired including articulation,resonance,phonation and respiration.His speech is characterized by imprecise consonant articulation,monopitch,reduced stress,harsh voice quality,strangled voice quality,pitch breaks and hypernasality.Shaun most likely is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shaun's speech is unintelligible.All aspects of his...

Quiz 10: Neurogenic Disorders of Speech in Children and Adults