Question 1

What is the term that is used to describe the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet,insufficient exercise and substance use,as well as environmental influences such as pollution?

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging refers to the decline in physical functioning that occurs due to lifestyle behaviors and environmental influences, in contrast to primary aging which refers to the natural age-related decline in bodily functions. Tertiary and quaternary aging are not recognized terms in gerontology.

Question 2

Around the world,about how much longer will women at age 65 live longer than men?

Accepted Answer

Women at age 65 typically live about 5 additional years longer than men, on average, due to various factors including biological, lifestyle, and social differences.

Question 3

On what continent is the current life expectancy the lowest?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Bank, as of 2020, the continent with the lowest life expectancy is Africa, with an average life expectancy of around 64 years.

Question 4

What is the ratio of the number of persons aged 65 years or older to the number of persons aged 20 to 64 years (number of persons aged 65 years or older / number of persons 20 to 64 x 100)referred to as?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the number of persons aged 65 years or older to the number of persons aged 20 to 64 years is known as the old-age dependency ratio. It gives an idea of the potential support burden on the working-age population from the elderly population.

Question 5

The inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species,as it takes place in all living organisms,is referred to as _________.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the normal, inevitable biological aging process that occurs in all living organisms, including humans. It is not caused by disease, injury, or other external factors, but rather is a natural part of the aging process. Secondary aging, on the other hand, refers to aging that is accelerated or exacerbated by external factors, such as disease, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors. Lateral aging and tertiary aging are not commonly used terms in the field of aging research.

Question 6

Your grandmother has quite a bit of gray hair.She told you that she first started getting gray hair when she was 52 and it keeps getting grayer each year.What is happening that her hair is getting gray?

Accepted Answer

Most people experience a loss of pigment that provides hair color as they age, leading to gray hair. This occurs as melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in hair, begin to decline in function and number. As a result, hair becomes gray or white.

Question 7

Countries that have a birth rate that is below 2.1 children per woman _____.

Accepted Answer

A birth rate below 2.1 children per woman indicates that each successive generation will be smaller than the previous one. This leads to a declining overall population.

Question 8

In developed countries,what is the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old?

Accepted Answer

According to World Health Organization, the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old in developed countries is 15 to 25 additional years.

Question 9

The following description is of an individual in the early stages of ____."The hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women.Bones continue to thin,especially in women,which contributes to a stooped posture."

Accepted Answer

The description mentions grayer and thinner hair and thinning of bones, which are typical age-related changes that occur in late adulthood.

Question 10

The decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet,insufficient exercise,and substance use,as well as environmental influences such as pollution,is referred to as _________.

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging is the decline in physical functioning that is caused by lifestyle behaviors and environmental factors, as opposed to primary aging, which is the natural biological process of aging that occurs in all individuals, and tertiary aging, which refers to the rapid decline in physical and mental functioning that occurs in the months or years prior to death. Lateral aging is not a recognized term in gerontology.

Question 11

What is the term that is used to describe the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species?

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species as a result of physiological changes within the body, such as changes in metabolism, hormone production, and cell functioning. It is distinct from secondary aging, which refers to the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on the aging process, and tertiary aging, which refers to the cognitive and functional decline that can occur in very old age. Quaternary aging is not a recognized term in the field of aging.

Question 12

Your grandmother is 87 years old and she has remarked to you that nearly all of her friends are women.She told you that it is rare to see a man over age 85.Is she correct? Yes,past age 85 years of age,for every 100 men there are ____.

Accepted Answer

This is based on data from the US Census Bureau, which shows that for every 100 men over age 85, there are approximately 226 women in the same age group. So your grandmother is correct.

Question 13

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR)is calculated as the number of people who are _____.

Accepted Answer

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is the ratio of the number of people aged 65 years and older to the number of people aged 20 to 64 years (the working-age population), multiplied by 100. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Question 14

What is the OADR in Japan?

Accepted Answer

OADR (Old Age Dependency Ratio) in Japan is 36%. This means that for every 100 working-age adults, there are 36 people aged 65 and above who are dependent on them for support. This ratio suggests a high level of dependency on the working population and highlights the aging population issue that Japan is currently facing.

Question 15

On the skin,many people develop "age spots," or pools of dark pigment.Age spots are due to the accumulation of _____.

Accepted Answer

Age spots are also known as solar lentigines, indicating that they are caused by exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays over a prolonged period of time. The accumulation of pigment is the skin's response to UV-induced damage, which becomes more pronounced as we age.

Question 16

Your grandfather is joking that there are going to be more people over 60 years of age than there will be people under 15 soon.He says that there will not be enough people working to cover the costs of Social Security.By what year will people over 60 years of age outnumber those under age 15?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your grandfather is joking that there are...

Question 17

____ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species,as it takes place in all living organisms,whereas ____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet,insufficient exercise,and substance use,as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural and inevitable process of biological deterioration that occurs with advancing age, regardless of health habits. Secondary aging, on the other hand, refers to the aging process that results from external factors and lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and exposure to toxins.

Question 18

The number of persons aged 65 or older,divided by the number of persons age 20-64,times 100 is known as the _____.

Accepted Answer

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is a measure of how many people of retirement age (65 and over) depend on the working-age population (20-64). It is calculated by dividing the number of people aged 65+ by the number of people aged 20-64 and multiplying the result by 100. A high OADR indicates that there are fewer working people to support retirees, which can potentially impact a country's social security and economic systems.

Question 19

The hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women as they age.Actually,it is not that hair turns gray or white,but that it loses the pigments that had previously made it appear to be other colors.During what stage of life is this loss of pigment the most profound?

Accepted Answer

The loss of pigment in hair is the most profound during late adulthood, which is typically defined as age 65 and older.

Question 20

In which of the following countries is the ratio of older adults to non-older adults going to be the highest in 2050?

Accepted Answer

Japan has one of the highest life expectancies in the world, and its fertility rate is among the lowest. These demographic trends have led to an aging population, with projections showing that by 2050, nearly 40% of the population will be over the age of 65. This means that the ratio of older adults to non-older adults (those under 65) will be much higher in Japan compared to other countries on the list.

Quiz 12: Late Adulthood