Question 1

As discussed in the text,individuals with expertise differ cognitively from novices in that ____.

Accepted Answer

The text states that individuals with expertise process information more quickly and efficiently than novices.

Question 2

During middle adulthood,for many,job satisfaction is ____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that job satisfaction tends to increase during middle adulthood, as individuals feel more comfortable and competent in their roles, and have gained more expertise and experience in their field. Additionally, many individuals in this stage of life have reached a desirable level of stability and security in their careers.

Question 3

What concept is defined as knowledge and experience in a specific domain?

Accepted Answer

Expertise is defined as the knowledge and experience in a specific domain. Accommodation and assimilation refer to concepts in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and narcissism is a personality trait characterized by excessive self-love and self-centeredness, none of which are defined as knowledge and experience in a specific domain.

Question 4

Based on research in the U.S.and Europe,at what age does job satisfaction peak?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that job satisfaction tends to peak in the 50s, as individuals often have more experience, stability, and possibly more fulfilling roles by this age.

Question 5

The main reason given for job satisfaction in midlife is ____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that enjoyment of the work itself is the primary reason for job satisfaction in midlife. While salary and fringe benefits are important, they are not as strongly correlated with overall job satisfaction as the intrinsic reward of enjoying the work. Prestige may be a factor for some individuals, but it is not consistently ranked as the top reason for job satisfaction in midlife.

Question 6

Cognitively speaking,perceptual speed can be predicted to decline from ____.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual speed is an aspect of cognitive functioning that refers to the speed at which an individual can process and respond to visual information. Research has shown that perceptual speed does decline with age, and the decline tends to occur from middle adulthood to late adulthood. This decline is thought to be due to changes in the brain and a decrease in the efficiency of information processing. Therefore, option B is the best answer.

Question 7

In regards to cognitive processing in mid-adulthood,automaticity makes problem-solving fast and efficient,and ____ do not have to sort consciously through every alternative but are very quick to problem-solve.

Accepted Answer

Experts do not have to consciously sort through every alternative but are quick to problem-solve due to their extensive experience and knowledge. Novices and beginners are less likely to have developed automaticity in problem-solving, and greenhorns are not a commonly used term in this context.

Question 8

According to research (Arts et al.,2006),experts are not only more automatic in their problem-solving than novices,they are also ____.

Accepted Answer

According to the research mentioned, experts are not only more automatic in their problem-solving than novices, but they are also more flexible and creative.

Question 9

What term do developmentalists use to refer to the knowledge and experience in a specific domain?

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists use the term "expertise" to refer to the knowledge and experience in a specific domain.

Question 10

Some midlife adults quit their jobs because they become disillusioned,frustrated,and tired of them.What is this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is burnout - a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by prolonged stress and dissatisfaction with work. It can lead to a loss of motivation, feelings of cynicism and detachment, and a reduced sense of accomplishment in one's job. This can ultimately lead to midlife adults quitting their jobs. Retirement refers to a planned withdrawal from the workforce, termination is a more neutral term that simply refers to the ending of one's employment, and job depression is not a commonly recognized term in the field of psychology or career counseling.

Question 11

A mechanic who does not have to think through the various possible sources of the sounds in a pair of brakes,but rather hears the sound and immediately knows the problem,is an example of someone who has a high degree of ____.

Accepted Answer

The mechanic's ability to immediately identify the problem with the brakes based on sound alone suggests a high degree of expertise in the field of mechanics. Expertise refers to the knowledge, skills, and experience that a person has acquired in a particular domain, allowing them to perform at a high level and make accurate judgments and decisions.

Question 12

By middle adulthood,a nurse who has been in the field for 18 years has far more ____ than someone who has just completed nursing school,and so would be more likely to be selected to head a nursing staff in a hospital.

Accepted Answer

Expertise is the correct answer as it is the accumulated knowledge and skill set gained through years of experience in a particular field. This would make someone with 18 years of experience more qualified to lead a nursing staff in a hospital as compared to someone who has just completed nursing school. Accommodation refers to the process of adjusting one's existing schemas or creating new ones to assimilate new information, while assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas. Narcissism refers to excessive self-love or self-centeredness, and is not relevant to the context.

Question 13

Your 43-year-old uncle has his own automobile repair shop.Whenever you have car problems all you have to do is describe the noise that your car is making and he can accurately diagnose the problem on the phone.Psychologists would argue that this is an example of his ____.

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates the uncle's expertise in auto repair. Expertise is a type of knowledge that is developed through experience and can be applied to specific tasks or domains. The uncle's ability to accurately diagnose problems based on the description of the noise is a clear demonstration of this type of knowledge. Fluid intelligence is the ability to reason and solve new problems, which is not necessarily relevant in this situation. Wisdom refers to a broader understanding of life and the ability to give good advice, which is not necessarily demonstrated by the uncle's auto repair skills. Advanced spatial orientation refers to the ability to mentally manipulate objects in space and is not applicable to this scenario.

Question 14

A variety of American studies have found that job satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood,particularly in the ____.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have shown that job satisfaction tends to increase with age, with the highest levels reported in the 50s. This is often attributed to factors such as increased experience and mastery of skills, a sense of accomplishment, and a greater alignment between personal values and work goals. While job satisfaction may still remain high in the 60s, it tends to decline in the 70s as individuals approach retirement age.

Question 15

With regard to cognitive development in mid-adulthood,with enough expertise a substantial part of problem-solving becomes ____.

Accepted Answer

As individuals gain expertise in their professions or field of work, a substantial part of their problem-solving becomes automatic, meaning that they can solve problems quickly and efficiently without a lot of conscious effort. This is due to the development of mental schemas, or organized patterns of thought, that allow for quicker and more efficient processing of information.

Question 16

Your uncle has been a high school math teacher for nearly 25 years.You have always been amazed at how quickly your uncle can estimate cubic dimensions by the simple measurements he does in his head.What concept explains his ability?

Accepted Answer

Your uncle's ability to estimate cubic dimensions by simple measurements in his head is due to his mathematical expertise. As a math teacher for nearly 25 years, he has likely developed a strong understanding of mathematical concepts, including measurement and geometry, which allows him to make quick and accurate estimates.

Question 17

Expertise is a form of what type of intelligence as it consists of accumulated knowledge and reasoning in a culturally valued area?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills that are acquired through education and experience. Expertise is a form of crystallized intelligence as it involves accumulated knowledge and reasoning in a particular field, which is highly valued in a given culture.

Question 18

In terms of cognitive processing in middle adulthood,which of the following individuals is more likely to process problems with a high degree of automaticity and develop solutions that are fast and efficient?

Accepted Answer

Experts are individuals who have years of experience and have developed a high level of knowledge and expertise in a particular field. As a result, they are more likely to process problems with a high degree of automaticity and develop solutions that are fast and efficient. This is because their extensive knowledge and experience allow them to draw upon existing mental models and problem-solving strategies, which helps them to quickly identify and solve problems. Novices, beginners, and greenhorns, on the other hand, have limited experience and knowledge and are more likely to process problems in a more deliberate and conscious manner.

Question 19

It is clear that experts have a wealth of crystallized intelligence for a particular area.This accumulated knowledge allows them to ____.

Accepted Answer

Experts' accumulated knowledge allows them to filter out irrelevant information and focus on aspects of the problem that are more likely to hold the solution, which is a characteristic of expert problem-solving.

Question 20

What would a person in the protean career path do?

Accepted Answer

A person in the protean career path is known for being adaptable and open to change. They actively seek out new opportunities and are not afraid to switch jobs when necessary. Changing jobs frequently is a common characteristic of this career path.

Quiz 11: Middle Adulthood