Question 1

____ is the proposal that psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced in the transition from childhood to adolescence because of social pressure to conform to culturally prescribed gender roles.

Accepted Answer

The gender-intensification hypothesis suggests that psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced in adolescence due to societal pressure to conform to gender roles. It is a theory that attempts to explain the increase in gender differences during adolescence. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe this hypothesis.

Question 2

Your 15-year-old cousin exaggerates his performance in nearly every story that he tells.He claims to be a better athlete than he is,a better musician than he is,and much more popular than he actually is.To what type of self is he referring?

Accepted Answer

The ideal self refers to how a person would like to be, encompassing aspirations and goals. Your cousin's exaggerations align with his aspirations of being a better athlete, musician, and more popular, which are characteristics of the ideal self.

Question 3

Why does self-esteem rise in late adolescence and emerging adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During late adolescence and emerging adulthood, individuals tend to become less dependent on peers' evaluations and more secure in their own self-concept, thus leading to a rise in self-esteem.

Question 4

The ____ self is your self-conception,and ____ selves are the different people you could become in the future depending on your choices and experiences.

Accepted Answer

The first blank refers to your current understanding of yourself, which is your actual self. The second blank refers to the different potential future versions of yourself, depending on your life experiences and choices, which are your possible selves. Therefore, the best choice is D, where actual self and possible selves are correctly matched with their descriptions.

Question 5

To whom are adolescents most likely to show the self that they know does not represent what they are actually thinking and feeling?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are most likely to present a false self to dates as they may want to impress or fit in with someone they are romantically interested in.

Question 6

Girls tend to use physical appearance when determining their global self-esteem.Because girls tend to view their physical appearance ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that girls tend to have lower global self-esteem than boys during adolescence, in part due to their tendency to view their physical appearance negatively.

Question 7

The discrepancy between the actual and the ideal self is the greatest during ____.

Accepted Answer

During mid-adolescence (around age 15-17), there is a significant increase in self-awareness and self-concept development. At this stage, individuals tend to compare their actual selves to their ideal selves, and the gap between the two can be quite substantial, leading to feelings of insecurity and anxiety. It is also a time of increased social comparison, as adolescents become more aware of their peers' opinions and judgments.

Question 8

In what cultures do adolescents tend to be strongly peer-oriented and to value the opinions of their peers highly,especially on day-to-day issues such as how they are dressed and what they say in social situations?

Accepted Answer

Western cultures, such as those in the United States and Europe, tend to place a high value on peer relationships during adolescence. Day-to-day decisions such as clothing and social behavior are often influenced by the opinions of peers. Other cultures may place a higher value on family or community opinions.

Question 9

Kerry loves and respects her mother; however,her mother works in a job that she hates.Kerry knows that she wants better for herself and wants to earn a college degree.Having a teaching career in mind,Kerry knows that she does not want to work in a job similar to her mother's.Which of the following self-concepts best describes Kerry trepidation of working in a dissatisfying career like her mother does?

Accepted Answer

Kerry's trepidation about working in a dissatisfying career like her mother relates to her "feared self," which represents the person she is afraid of becoming.

Question 10

One aspect of the complexity of adolescents' self-conceptions is that they can distinguish between an actual self and ____.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents can think about who they might become in the future and develop ideas about their possible selves. This includes things like imagining themselves in certain careers or lifestyles that are different from their current selves. They can use these possible selves as motivation for future goals and aspirations. This is distinct from their actual self, which refers to their current beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

Question 11

Hill and Lynch proposed that psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced in the transition from childhood to adolescence because of intensified socialized pressures to conform to culturally prescribed gender roles.What is the name of this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The name of the hypothesis is gender-intensification hypothesis, which proposes that differences between males and females become more pronounced during adolescence due to intensifying social pressures to conform to gender roles.

Question 12

Who is more likely to emphasize physical appearance as a basis for their self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that adolescent females are more likely to place importance on physical appearance as a basis for their self-esteem. This can be attributed to societal pressures and messages about beauty standards that are often targeted towards young women.

Question 13

The actual self as defined by scholars is an adolescent's ____.

Accepted Answer

The actual self is an adolescent's self-conception or how they see themselves. This is often based on their experiences and can be different from their ideal or imagined self. The real self and fictional self are not definitions typically used by scholars to describe an adolescent's self-conception.

Question 14

The overall conclusion of several longitudinal studies shows that self-esteem slightly ____ in early adolescence,then slightly ____ through late adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The overall conclusion of several longitudinal studies...

Question 15

What have researchers discovered with regard to the size of the discrepancy between the actual and ideal selves in both adolescents and emerging adults? The discrepancy is related to ____.

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that the size of the discrepancy between adolescents' and emerging adults' actual and ideal selves is related to depressive moods. A larger discrepancy is associated with greater feelings of unhappiness and dissatisfaction with one's current state, leading to increased risk for depression.

Question 16

Your family values education,but your younger brother is a very poor student and has always been a poor student.His global self-esteem is quite high.How can this be?

Accepted Answer

His high self-esteem despite being a poor student may indicate that he does not place a high value on education, which allows him to maintain a positive self-view.

Question 17

What is being presented when individuals put on a self that they know does not represent what they are actually thinking and feeling?

Accepted Answer

When individuals put on a self that they know does not represent what they are actually thinking and feeling, they are presenting a false self to those around them. This can occur for a variety of reasons, such as wanting to conform to social norms, avoid criticism or rejection, or present oneself in a more positive light.

Question 18

The ____ self is a self that adolescents present to others while realizing that it does not represent what he or she are actually thinks and feels.

Accepted Answer

The false self is a self that adolescents present to others while realizing that it does not represent what he or she actually thinks and feels. This is a common phenomenon among adolescents as they try to fit in and conform to social expectations. The real self, on the other hand, is the true and authentic self that accurately reflects an individual's thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. Fear and congruency are not relevant to this concept.

Question 19

Your little sister,who is 14 years old,has been extremely emotional lately.Her mood changes very abruptly.Although at this point there are many changes that are taking place in her life,and her emotions seem to reflect this,what is likely to occur as she develops into late adolescence? Her emotional states will ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your little sister,who is 14 years old,has...

Question 20

Your 17-year-old niece is very careful not to get involved with any types of substances and has no friends who engage in substance use of any kind.Her brother,who is 8 years older than she is,had a serious substance abuse problem during his high school years.What type of self is your niece concerned about?

Accepted Answer

The niece is likely concerned about her feared self, which represents the negative outcomes that she may fear experiencing in the future. Given her brother's history of substance abuse, she may be worried about the possibility of succumbing to the same kind of addiction or the negative consequences associated with substance use. Her actions of avoiding substances and friends who use them suggest that she is trying to prevent this feared self from becoming a reality.

Quiz 8: Adolescence