Question 1

What measure positively predicts memory ability on other tasks in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Speed of habituation is a measure that positively predicts memory ability on other tasks in infancy. Habituation refers to the process by which an individual becomes accustomed to a stimulus after repeated exposure, and the speed at which this occurs can indicate cognitive efficiency and memory capacity.

Question 2

You have been fortunate in that your nephew was born a few months before you began your developmental course.You remember some of your nephew's interesting behaviors.He has now mastered object permanence,and as you watch him,you remember that in class you discussed that object permanence is also a good measure of ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have been fortunate in that your...

Question 3

You are watching your next-door neighbor's 8-month-old infant.You notice that he is getting quite a bit more mature.A few months ago,anytime a new stimulus was presented,he would take a close look at it.Now,he seems to be very interested in ____.

Accepted Answer

The infant's interest in what other people around him are attending to suggests a development of social awareness and the ability to recognize and follow others' behavior and cues. This is a typical milestone in the social and cognitive development of infants. The other options (imagining, attending to several stimuli, and processing multiple senses simultaneously) are also important developmental milestones but may not specifically relate to the observed behavior.

Question 4

____ memory is when we attempt to retrieve memories without the help of a cue or clue.

Accepted Answer

Recall memory is the ability to retrieve information without any cues or prompts. It requires a person to retrieve information from memory with no external help. This is different from recognition memory, which is the ability to recognize previously encountered information. Aptitude and achievement do not relate specifically to memory, but instead refer to abilities or accomplishments in general.

Question 5

In a study examining long-term memory,two-month-old infants forgot the training within a week.How long did the six-month-old infants remember the training?

Accepted Answer

Six-month-old infants remembered the training for three weeks, which is longer than the two-month-old infants.

Question 6

Joint attention not only is the basis for an infant's information processing development,but it also fosters ____.

Accepted Answer

Joint attention is essential in language and emotional communication development. The ability to focus on an object or event with another person is necessary to understand the association between a word and an object, and it allows for communication through gestures and expressions. Joint attention is also important in regulating emotions and promoting social interactions, which contribute to a child's emotional and social development.

Question 7

The last time you visited your six-month-old niece,you popped your head over the padding on her crib every time that she kicked the mattress with her heel.She loved the game.It has been two weeks since your last visit; does she still remember the game?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that infants as young as six months old can retain memories of events for at least several weeks, and sometimes even longer. Therefore, it is likely that the baby still remembers the game of kicking the mattress and having someone pop their head over the crib.

Question 8

Object permanence is not just a test of knowledge of the properties of objects,but also of ____.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence involves understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched, which requires the ability to maintain a mental representation of the object in short-term memory.

Question 9

During the second half of an infant's first year,he or she directs his or her attention not just to whatever is most stimulating,but also to ____.

Accepted Answer

During the second half of an infant's first year, he or she develops joint attention, which involves directing attention to what other people around him or her are attending to. This is an important social skill that allows infants to learn from others and engage in shared experiences.

Question 10

Which of the following is true from infancy onward?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true from...

Question 11

Between ____,an infant's attention becomes more socially driven.

Accepted Answer

Between 6-12 months, an infant's attention starts to become more socially driven, as they begin to show more interest in human faces and start to engage in social interactions like smiling, babbling, and imitating.

Question 12

What is joint attention?

Accepted Answer

Joint attention is when an infant pays attention to what others are attending to, such as following a person's gaze or pointing. It is an important social and cognitive skill that helps infants learn from others and develop communication skills. Options A, B, and D do not fully capture the concept of joint attention.

Question 13

As an infant's short-term and long-term memory improve,he or she should also get better ____.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard. As an infant's memory improves, they also develop a better understanding of object permanence. This allows them to remember and locate objects that they cannot see, which is a sign of cognitive development. Personal fables, egocentrism, and speaking to an imaginary audience are not related to memory improvement.

Question 14

What did Gesell name his overall measure of infants' developmental progress?

Accepted Answer

Gesell named his overall measure of infants' developmental progress the "developmental quotient" (DQ). The DQ measured a child's developmental progress in comparison to the average developmental milestones achieved by children at a certain age. The other answer choices are not correct because the intelligence quotient (A) measures cognitive abilities beyond development, the growth quotient (C) measures physical growth and not overall developmental progress, and the progress quotient (D) is not a term used in developmental psychology.

Question 15

When studying the long-term memory of infants,researchers tied a string to an infant's foot and taught them to move a ____ hanging above their cribs by kicking their foot.

Accepted Answer

The use of the word "move" suggests that the infants were taught to move a mobile, which is an object often used in cribs for infants to look at and interact with. The other options - doll, bell, and teddy bear - are not typically hung above a crib for an infant to move by kicking their foot.

Question 16

____ is used as an overall measure of an infant's development progress.

Accepted Answer

Developmental quotient (DQ) is a measure of an infant's overall developmental progress. It is determined by comparing an infant's developmental age to their chronological age and expressing this comparison as a percentage. This assessment includes a variety of developmental domains, including motor skills, language, problem-solving abilities, and social skills. The other options are not appropriate measures of an infant's developmental progress. The Apgar score is used to assess an infant's physical health immediately after birth. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is a clinical tool used to assess personality traits and psychopathology in adults. The Reflexive Inventory of Innate Responses is not a standardized assessment tool.

Question 17

Which of the following areas make up Arnold Gesell's developmental quotient (DQ)?

Accepted Answer

Arnold Gesell's developmental quotient (DQ) includes motor skills, language use, adaptive behaviors, and personal-social behavior. These areas are assessed through developmental assessments and observations, including measures such as the Gesell Developmental Observation and the Denver Developmental Screening Test.

Question 18

____ is when infants begin to notice what others around them are attentive to and they focus their attention to the same event.

Accepted Answer

Joint attention is when infants begin to notice what others around them are attentive to and they focus their attention to the same event. They learn to coordinate their attention with others, which is important for social communication and language development.

Question 19

____ memory is when a clue is presented to help retrieve stored information.

Accepted Answer

Recognition memory involves identifying information after encountering it again, typically through a cue or prompt, which helps in retrieving the stored information.

Question 20

Which of the following correlates with an infant's ability to habituate to a new stimulus very quickly?

Accepted Answer

Infants who habituate quickly to new stimuli tend to perform better on intelligence tests later in life, as rapid habituation is associated with more efficient information processing.

Quiz 4: Infancy