Question 1

In ____ research,data is collected on a sample of people on a single occasion.Then,the researcher examines potential relations between variables in the data,based on the hypotheses of the study.

Accepted Answer

The given description is of a cross-sectional research design, where data is collected on a sample of people on a single occasion and potential relations between variables are examined based on the study's hypotheses. Therefore, the correct choice is cross-sectional research.

Question 2

According to the text,what variable in an experiment is different for the experimental group than for the control group?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is intentionally changed or manipulated in the experimental group but kept constant in the control group. This is the variable that the experimenter is interested in studying to see its effect on the dependent variable. The other options, such as extraneous and control variables, may be present in the experiment but they are not intentionally varied between the two groups. The dependent variable is the outcome variable that is measured and compared between the two groups to determine the effect of the independent variable.

Question 3

Professor Cook is conducting a research study on the cognitive abilities of infants and young children.Rather than follow subjects from birth to the age of 10,he assesses small groups from various ages.Of 1-year-olds he measures five children,of 2-year-olds he measures five different children,and so forth.By the time he has completed his study,Dr.Cook has an assessment of 50 different children from 10 different age groups.Which of the following describes the research method that Dr.Cook is using?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Cook is using a cross-sectional design because he is assessing different groups of children at different ages, rather than following the same group of children over time (which would be a longitudinal design). The study is also not necessarily experimental in nature (which would be a quasi-experimental design), and there is no mention of reliability being a specific concern (which would not be addressed by a "semi-reliable design" anyway).

Question 4

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that provides consistent results.In other words,if you tested your blood sugar five times in a row,it should show the same reading across all five measurements.A criteria for a good glucose monitor would be one that has high:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are diabetic,you want a glucose...

Question 5

According to the text,what type of experiment occurs when the researcher does not control the variables in a particular environment but provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer?

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is one in which the researcher does not control the variables in a particular environment but provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

Question 6

A ____ is a situation that exists naturally but that provides interesting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is a situation that occurs naturally and provides interesting scientific information to an observant investigator. It is not manipulated or controlled by the researcher, making it different from other types of experiments. Therefore, a natural experiment is the best choice for the given statement.

Question 7

According to the text,what variable in an experiment is measured to calculate the results of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured in an experiment to calculate the results. It depends on the independent variable and the effects of any extraneous variables that may be present. The control variable is kept constant throughout the experiment to eliminate its influence on the dependent variable, and the independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to see how it affects the dependent variable.

Question 8

____ are programs intended to change the attitudes or behaviors of the participants.

Accepted Answer

Interventions are programs designed to change attitudes or behaviors of participants. Primary preventions are programs aimed at preventing the onset of a disease or disorder. Experiments are studies that manipulate variables to determine cause and effect. Confounding variables are variables that can affect the outcome of a study and need to be controlled for.

Question 9

The ____ variable is the outcome that is measured to calculate the results of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured in an experiment. It is what the researcher is trying to understand the effect of. The other options do not pertain to the variable being measured in an experiment.

Question 10

If you are diabetic,you want a glucose monitor that accurately tests your blood sugar.It would be dangerous if it gave you an inaccurate reading.Using this criteria,a good glucose monitor would be one that has high:

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the accuracy of a measurement, which is crucial for a glucose monitor used by diabetic patients.

Question 11

In an experiment,what group receives the treatment?

Accepted Answer

The experimental group receives the treatment being tested. This group is studied and compared to the control group, which does not receive the treatment. The comparison between the experimental and control groups helps to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. The cohort group is a group of people who share a common trait, such as age or occupation, but are not necessarily part of an experiment. The control group is used as a baseline for comparison and does not receive the treatment.

Question 12

What type of design collects data on a sample of people on a single occasion?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional design involves collecting data on a sample of people at a single point in time. This method is commonly used to describe characteristics or behaviors of a population at a particular time. The survey method and correlational method can be used in a cross-sectional design, but the longitudinal method involves collecting data over multiple time points.

Question 13

____ refers to the truthfulness of a method-if a research method measures what it claims to measure.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the accuracy or truthfulness of a method in measuring what it claims to measure. This is different from reliability, which refers to the consistency and stability of a method over time. Variance from the mean and standardization are unrelated concepts in research.

Question 14

What is the advantage of the experimental method?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the advantage of the experimental...

Question 15

The ____ variable is the variable that is different for the experimental group than for the control group.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is purposely changed or manipulated by the researcher in the experimental group to observe its effect on the dependent variable. It is the variable that is different for the experimental group than for the control group. The other options are not directly related to identifying the variable that is different for the experimental group.

Question 16

In order to measure aggressiveness in toddlers,a researcher sat on a park bench for an afternoon and observed children playing on the slides and climbing equipment.To get clean results,it was very important that the toddlers not know that someone was observing them.What type of experiment would best fit these criteria?

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment would fit these criteria best as the researcher is observing the toddlers in their natural environment without manipulating any variables or introducing anything unfamiliar to them. This allows for more authentic behavior and reduces the possibility of the observer effect.

Question 17

In an experiment,what group does NOT receive the treatment?

Accepted Answer

The control group is the group that does not receive the treatment and is used as a comparison to the experimental group that receives the treatment. This allows researchers to determine if any observed effects are due to the treatment or other factors such as chance. The other three choices (a, b, and c) all refer to groups that are receiving some form of treatment or intervention.

Question 18

What research term refers to the consistency of measurements?

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. Validity refers to the accuracy of measurements, correlation refers to the relationship between variables, and generalization refers to the extent to which findings can be applied to other populations or situations.

Question 19

According to the text,what research term refers to the truthfulness of a method?

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the accuracy or truthfulness of a research method in measuring what it is intended to measure.

Question 20

The ____ variable is the variable that is different for the experimental group than for the control group.The ____ variable is the outcome that is measured to calculate the results of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher, and is different for the experimental and control groups. The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured to calculate the results of the experiment. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Quiz 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development