Question 1

The restandardization of intelligence tests over the past decade renders ________ Americans eligible for special education and ________ Americans eligible for the death penalty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The restandardization of intelligence tests over the...

Question 2

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 is known as:

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to mild to severe intellectual disability. A is incorrect because fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think logically and solve problems in new situations. B is incorrect because crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge and skills acquired through education and experience. D is incorrect because savant syndrome is a rare condition in which individuals with intellectual disabilities have exceptional abilities in certain areas, such as music, art, or mathematical calculations.

Question 3

The heritability of intelligence is lowest among:

Accepted Answer

The heritability of intelligence is influenced by both genetics and environment. When genetically similar individuals are raised in different environments, the variation in their intelligence scores is more likely to be attributed to environmental factors rather than genetic factors. Therefore, the heritability of intelligence is lowest among genetically similar individuals who have been raised in different environments.

Question 4

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development as a result of:

Accepted Answer

The fact that the babies in the Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development suggests that they were living in a deprived environment.

Question 5

Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?

Accepted Answer

The fact that identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together suggests that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity. This is because identical twins share all of their genes, while fraternal twins only share about half of their genes, making it more likely that similarities in intelligence among identical twins are due to genetic factors.

Question 6

A worldwide team of researchers pooled their data on the DNA and schooling of 126,559 people.All the genetic variations they examined accounted for about ______ percent of the schooling differences among individuals in this large sample.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A worldwide team of researchers pooled their...

Question 7

Brain scans reveal that identical twins' brains have ________ gray matter volume and ________ white matter volume.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins have very similar genetics, which includes the genetic blueprint for brain development. Therefore, it would make sense that their brains have similar amounts of gray and white matter volume.

Question 8

Dr.Abreu believes that intelligence is determined not by one gene but by many interacting genes.Dr.Abreu believes that intelligence is:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Abreu's belief that intelligence is determined by many interacting genes indicates that it is polygenetic, meaning that multiple genes contribute to its expression. This contradicts options B, C, and D.

Question 9

Terman's studies of 1500 California children with IQ scores over 135 indicated that these high-scoring children:

Accepted Answer

Terman's studies showed that high-scoring children with IQ scores over 135 were well-adjusted, which suggests that these children were successful in various aspects of their lives. The other options are not supported by Terman's study findings.

Question 10

Which of the following individuals does NOT meet the criteria for the diagnosis for intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5 criteria, intellectual disability is typically diagnosed based on three key criteria: significant limitations in intellectual functioning, significant limitations in adaptive behavior (i.e., the ability to carry out daily activities such as social skills, communication, and self-care), and onset during the developmental period (i.e., before age 18). Individuals with an IQ score of 70 or below are typically considered to have an intellectual disability, though the diagnosis is not based on IQ alone. In this case, options A, C, and D all meet the criteria for intellectual disability, as they experience significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, while option B does not. Thomas's IQ score is 80, which is just above the typical cut-off for intellectual disability, and he is able to live independently with some help from his family, suggesting that he does not experience significant limitations in adaptive behavior.

Question 11

Today's researchers have identified many different DNA segments that contribute to intelligence.This indicates that intelligence:

Accepted Answer

The fact that there are many different DNA segments that contribute to intelligence suggests that intelligence is polygenetic, or influenced by multiple genes. This means that it is not simply determined by one or a few genes, but rather by the combined effect of many genes working together. While genetics contribute to intelligence, it is also known that family-environmental effects have an impact. So, options A, B, and D are not completely correct.

Question 12

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that:

Accepted Answer

Studies on neglected children have shown that environmental factors can have a significant impact on cognitive development. Neglected children often experience delays in cognitive development due to lack of stimulation and social interaction, indicating that environmental factors play a role in shaping intelligence. The other answer choices (A, C, and D) point to evidence of genetic or innate factors that influence intelligence, but do not speak to the importance of environmental influences on intelligence.

Question 13

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries,the heritability of general intelligence was found to be greatest during:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one massive study of 11,000 twin...

Question 14

Professor McKenzie's research suggests that approximately 30 percent of the variation in SAT scores among a large group of high school students can be attributed to genetic differences among the students.The 30-percent figure represents an assessment of:

Accepted Answer

The 30-percent figure represents an assessment of heritability, which is the extent to which differences in a trait among individuals can be attributed to genetic variation.

Question 15

With increasing age,adopted children's verbal ability scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parents' scores.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because research has found that as adopted children age, their verbal ability scores become less positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and more positively correlated with their biological parents' scores. This is because genetic factors become more important in determining cognitive ability as individuals age.

Question 16

Among Americans scoring in the top 1 in 10,000 on the ________ at age 12 or 13,more than half have earned doctorates.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is the SAT. Studies have shown that Americans who score in the top 1 in 10,000 on the SAT at age 12 or 13 have a high likelihood of achieving significant academic success, including earning doctorates, later in life. This is because the SAT, particularly when taken at such a young age, can be indicative of exceptional intellectual potential.

Question 17

Schooling ________ children's intelligence test performance.Children's intelligence ________ their later adult income.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schooling ________ children's intelligence test performance.Children's intelligence...

Question 18

J.McVicker Hunt observed children in an Iranian orphanage being raised in an extremely deprived environment.These children were passive and cognitively immature.Hunt's successful training program for Iranian caregivers encouraged them to engage in ________ with these infants.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that Hunt's successful training program for Iranian caregivers encouraged them to engage in language-fostering games with infants in the deprived orphanage. Therefore, the best choice is C, language-fostering games. The other options are not relevant to the passage.

Question 19

The heritability of intelligence refers to:

Accepted Answer

The heritability of intelligence refers to the proportion of variation in intelligence among individuals that is attributable to genetic variation. Option A is partially correct but does not capture the entire concept of heritability of intelligence. Option C is incorrect as it refers to the concept of test standardization rather than heritability. Option D refers to the concept of general intelligence, which is related to but not the same as heritability.

Question 20

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The similarity between the intelligence test scores...

Quiz 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

The restandardization of intelligence tests over the past decade renders Americans eligible for special education and Americans eligible for the death penalty.