Question 1

Any drug molecule that binds to a neurotransmitter receptor site and mimics the neurotransmitter's excitatory or inhibitory effects is a(n)

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a drug molecule that binds to a receptor site and mimics the effects of the endogenous neurotransmitter. This can either be excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the specific neurotransmitter and receptor involved. Glutamate is a specific neurotransmitter that acts as an excitatory agonist by binding to glutamate receptors, but it is not a general term for all agonists. Steroids are a class of chemical compounds that have a variety of effects in the body, but they are not specifically related to agonists. Action potential is a term used to describe the electrical impulse that travels down a neuron when it is firing, and is not related to agonists.

Question 2

Agonists are chemical molecules that increase the activity of

Accepted Answer

Agonists are chemical molecules that activate or increase the activity of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. This increases the overall activity of the synapse and enhances communication between neurons.

Question 3

Mr.Averro's symptoms of confusion and memory loss have led his physicians to conclude that he suffers from Alzheimer's disease.His symptoms are most likely to be linked with a deterioration of brain cells that produce the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a decrease in acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter important for memory and cognitive function. This results in the symptoms of confusion and memory loss seen in Mr. Averro.

Question 4

Endorphins are most directly involved in the control of

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are neurotransmitters that are primarily involved in reducing physical pain and producing feelings of pleasure and euphoria. They are often referred to as "natural painkillers" because they bind to the same receptors in the brain as synthetic opioids like morphine and fentanyl. While endorphins may indirectly affect other bodily functions like body temperature, muscle contraction, and attention, their primary function is related to pain control.

Question 5

Curare is a paralyzing poison that functions as a(n)

Accepted Answer

Curare is a type of neuromuscular blocking agent that functions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, preventing acetylcholine from binding and producing muscle contraction. Therefore, it is considered an acetylcholine antagonist.

Question 6

The pain of childbirth is most likely to be reduced by the release of

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are natural painkillers produced by the body in response to pain or stress. During childbirth, the release of endorphins can help to reduce the perception of pain, making it more bearable for the mother. Acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate are neurotransmitters that play important roles in the brain, but they are not directly involved in pain reduction during childbirth.

Question 7

The brain's own natural production of endorphins is likely to be suppressed by

Accepted Answer

The answer of The brain's own natural production of endorphins...

Question 8

Janelle experiences difficulty sleeping and is seeking medical help for her lengthy episodes of depression and loss of energy.Effective prescription drugs for treating these symptoms would most likely be designed to increase the availability of the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

Serotonin plays a crucial role in regulating mood, anxiety, and sleep. Low levels of serotonin are associated with depression and insomnia, so drugs that increase its availability are commonly used to treat these symptoms.

Question 9

The tremors of Parkinson's disease result from the death of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

The tremors of Parkinson's disease are caused by the death of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the substantia nigra region of the brain, resulting in a dopamine deficiency. Other symptoms of Parkinson's are also related to the loss of dopamine, including stiffness, slowed movements, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

Question 10

An undersupply of GABA is most closely linked to

Accepted Answer

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to regulate brain activity and promote sleep. An undersupply of GABA has been linked to insomnia, as it can lead to overactivity in the brain and difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Question 11

Endorphins are neurotransmitter molecules similar to

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are similar to morphine in structure and function.

Question 12

The brain and spinal cord form the

Accepted Answer

The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). The autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system are divisions within the CNS. The endocrine system is a separate system that consists of glands that produce and secrete hormones.

Question 13

When Dirk was stung by a bee,the pain message was transmitted to his spinal cord by the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information, such as pain signals, to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are part of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion, and are not directly involved in transmitting pain signals to the spinal cord. While the central nervous system does receive and interpret pain signals, it is not the initial site of transmission from the bee sting, so option D is also incorrect.

Question 14

James is being treated for depression with a drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin.This antidepressant drug functions as a(n)

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a substance that activates receptors in the brain, enhancing or mimicking the effect of a neurotransmitter. In this case, the antidepressant drug blocks the reuptake of serotonin, allowing more serotonin to be available in the synaptic cleft and increase its effect on mood regulation. Therefore, it is functioning as an agonist of serotonin.

Question 15

The body's speedy electrochemical information network is called the

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is responsible for transmitting and processing electrochemical signals throughout the body at a rapid pace. The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood, nutrients, and oxygen. The cognitive system refers to the brain's ability to process information and make decisions. The endocrine system is responsible for the secretion of hormones into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions.

Question 16

Morphine and heroin are

Accepted Answer

Morphine and heroin are both opiate drugs that act on the opioid receptors in the brain and nervous system, causing analgesia and feelings of euphoria. They are highly addictive and can lead to tolerance, dependence, and overdose.

Question 17

Botulin blocks the release of ACh.Botulin is best described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

Botulin is a type of antagonist drug that blocks the release of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter that is involved in muscle contraction and other physiological processes. Botulin is commonly used in medical procedures to treat muscle spasms, migraines, and excessive sweating, among other conditions.

Question 18

A drug molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A drug molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action is called an antagonist. The other options, opiate and glutamate, are not broad categories of drugs but rather specific substances. Agonists, on the other hand, enhance or mimic a neurotransmitter's action rather than inhibit it.

Question 19

After three hours of playing a physically exhausting professional tennis match,Chitra began to experience feelings of exhilaration and pleasure.It is likely that her feelings were most directly linked to the release of

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are neurotransmitters that act as a natural painkiller and can produce feelings of pleasure and exhilaration after physical activity or intense exercise. Since Chitra just finished a physically exhausting tennis match, it is likely that her body released endorphins, leading to her feelings of pleasure and exhilaration.

Question 20

Seizures are likely to be associated with an

Accepted Answer

Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, and neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate play a crucial role in regulating this activity. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces activity in the brain, while glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases activity. An undersupply of GABA and an oversupply of glutamate can lead to excessive brain activity and seizures.

Quiz 2: The Biology of Behavior