Question 1

Which of the following statements about bonding is true?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a non-metal, where electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal. Covalent bonds occur between two non-metals, where electrons are shared between the elements. Choice A is incorrect because covalent bonds do not involve the transfer of electrons. Choice C is incorrect because ionic bonds do not involve the sharing of electrons between two non-metals. Choice D is incorrect because metals typically do not form covalent bonds with each other.

Question 2

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? $\left[ \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 4 } \mathrm {~N} \right] ^ { + }\quad$$\left[ \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } \right] ^ { - }\quad$$\left[ \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH } _ { 2 } \right] ^ { + }$
$\quad$I$\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$II$\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$III

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes the typical number of bonds for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in most neutral organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon typically forms 4 covalent bonds in most neutral organic molecules. Nitrogen typically forms 3 covalent bonds, while oxygen typically forms 2 covalent bonds.

Question 4

Which is the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the correct Lewis structure for...

Question 5

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following Lewis structures is...

Question 6

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

The electronic configuration of a carbon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p2. This can be written as 1s², 2s², 2p², and the best choice that matches this is B.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about constitutional isomers is true?

Accepted Answer

Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms, resulting in different structures.

Question 8

Which of the following would you expect to have ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

NaCl is the only choice that contains one cation (Na+) and one anion (Cl-) and has a large electronegativity difference between the two elements, which make it likely to have ionic bonds. The other choices either have covalent bonds (A and B) or are not valid chemical formulas (C).

Question 9

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following Lewis structures is...

Question 10

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom?

Accepted Answer

The ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom, which has 9 electrons, is represented by filling the orbitals in order of increasing energy: 2 in the 1s orbital, 2 in the 2s orbital, and 5 in the 2p orbitals, making the correct configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^5.

Question 11

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH }\quad$$\mathrm { NaCH } _ { 3 }\quad$$\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } -$
I$\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$II$\quad\quad\quad\quad$III

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following ions does...

Question 12

Which is not an acceptable Lewis structure for the anion CH₂NCO^-?

Accepted Answer

Lewis structures I, II, and IV are all acceptable and follow the octet rule for all atoms. However, structure III has a sulfur atom with only six electrons in its valence shell, violating the octet rule. Therefore, C is not an acceptable Lewis structure for the given anion.

Question 13

Which of the following molecules has nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

B) N₂ represents N2, which is a diatomic molecule consisting of two nitrogen atoms. These atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom, the ones that are involved in chemical reactions and determining the chemical properties of the element.

Question 15

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C₂H₆O?

Accepted Answer

The molecular formula indicates that there are 16 carbons (C16), 12 borons (B12), 1 sulfur (S1), 1 hydrogen (H1), and 1 oxygen (O1) present in the molecule. To determine the number of constitutional isomers, we must consider the possible ways in which these atoms can be connected. The two possible isomers are:

1. CS1B12HS1B0S1B16O (sulfur bonded to carbon, hydrogen bonded to sulfur, and oxygen bonded to boron)
2. CS1B12S1B16HS1B0O (sulfur bonded to carbon, sulfur bonded to boron, hydrogen bonded to sulfur, and oxygen bonded to boron)

Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 16

Arrange the following bonds in decreasing order of ionic character, putting the most ionic first. $$\begin{array} { c c c c } 
\text { C-C } & \text { C-N } & \text { C-O } & \text { Na-O } \
\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

The ionic character of a bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. Na-O has the highest difference, making it the most ionic, followed by C-O, C-N, and C-C, which is the least ionic.

Question 17

What is the formal charge of carbon in carbon monoxide (CO) when drawn with a triple bond?

Accepted Answer

When drawn with a triple bond, the carbon in carbon monoxide has 4 valence electrons (2 lone pairs and 1 shared electron in the triple bond). The atomic number of carbon is 6, so it should have 4 valence electrons in a neutral state. Therefore, the formal charge of the carbon in CO is -1 (6 valence electrons - 3 electrons in bonds - 2 lone pair electrons = 1).

Question 18

Which of the following molecules contain both covalent and ionic bonds? $$\begin{array} { c c c c } 
\mathrm { NaCl } & \mathrm { NH } _ { 4 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { MgCO } _ { 3 } \
\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

NH₄OH contains ionic bonds between NH₄⁺ and OH⁻ and covalent bonds within NH₄⁺ and OH⁻. MgCO₃ contains ionic bonds between Mg²⁺ and CO₃²⁻ and covalent bonds within CO₃²⁻.

Question 19

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a magnesium cation (Mg²⁺)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the ground-state electronic configuration of...

Question 20

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a chlorine anion (Cl^-)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the ground-state electronic configuration of...

Quiz 1: Structure and Bonding

Which of the following statements about bonding is true?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the typical number of bonds for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in most neutral organic molecules?

Which is the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H) ?

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a carbon atom?

Which of the following statements about constitutional isomers is true?

Which of the following would you expect to have ionic bonds?

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom?

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH }\quad$ $\mathrm { NaCH } _ { 3 }\quad$ $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } -$ I $\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$ II $\quad\quad\quad\quad$ III

Which is not an acceptable Lewis structure for the anion CH₂NCO^-?

Which of the following molecules has nonpolar covalent bonds?

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C₂H₆O?

Arrange the following bonds in decreasing order of ionic character, putting the most ionic first. $\begin{array} { c c c c } \text { C-C } & \text { C-N } & \text { C-O } & \text { Na-O } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$

What is the formal charge of carbon in carbon monoxide (CO) when drawn with a triple bond?

Which of the following molecules contain both covalent and ionic bonds? $\begin{array} { c c c c } \mathrm { NaCl } & \mathrm { NH } _ { 4 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { MgCO } _ { 3 } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a magnesium cation (Mg²⁺) ?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a chlorine anion (Cl^-) ?

Quiz 1: Structure and Bonding

Which of the following statements about bonding is true?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the typical number of bonds for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in most neutral organic molecules?

Which is the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid (CH3CO2H) ?

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a carbon atom?

Which of the following statements about constitutional isomers is true?

Which of the following would you expect to have ionic bonds?

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom?

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? CH3OH\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH }\quadCH3​OHNaCH3\mathrm { NaCH } _ { 3 }\quadNaCH3​CH3CO2−\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } -CH3​CO2​− I \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad II \quad\quad\quad\quad III

Which is not an acceptable Lewis structure for the anion CH2NCO-?

Which of the following molecules has nonpolar covalent bonds?

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C2H6O?

What is the formal charge of carbon in carbon monoxide (CO) when drawn with a triple bond?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a magnesium cation (Mg2+) ?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a chlorine anion (Cl-) ?

Which is the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H) ?

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH }\quad$ $\mathrm { NaCH } _ { 3 }\quad$ $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } -$ I $\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$ II $\quad\quad\quad\quad$ III

Which is not an acceptable Lewis structure for the anion CH₂NCO^-?

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C₂H₆O?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a magnesium cation (Mg²⁺) ?

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a chlorine anion (Cl^-) ?