Question 1

When you recall a memory of your best friend's car,you are activating the cortical circuits in the _____ cortex involved in _____ her car.
A) visual; storing
B) visual; perceiving
C) spatial; storing
D) spatial; perceiving

Accepted Answer

When recalling a memory of your best friend's car, you activate the visual cortex involved in perceiving her car, as memory recall involves reactivating the sensory areas that were engaged during the original perception.

Question 2

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:
A) encoding.
B) rehearsal.
C) retrieval.
D) storage.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval refers to the process of getting information out of memory storage. Encoding is the process of putting new information into memory, rehearsal is a type of encoding that involves repeating information to aid in memory consolidation, and storage refers to the process of holding onto information for later use.

Question 3

Digitally editing a photograph on a computer is analogous to which memory process?
A) spreading activation
B) elaborative rehearsal
C) reconsolidation
D) retrieval

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

The phase of information processing that is most similar to a Google search is:
A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the phase of information processing that involves searching and accessing previously stored information in memory, which is similar to a Google search where one searches for information that has been previously stored on the internet.

Question 5

Even though Manuel has watched his psychology professor lecture three times a week for 10 weeks,he does not know what color her hair is.This lack of knowledge most likely represents a failure of:
A) sensation.
B) encoding.
C) retrieval.
D) rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of taking in information from the environment and converting it into a form that can be stored in memory. In this case, Manuel has failed to encode the information about his professor's hair color, which is why he cannot retrieve it from memory.

Question 6

The information processing model of memory is based on computer functioning and consists of all of the following stages EXCEPT:
A) retrieval.
B) storage.
C) encoding.
D) processing.

Accepted Answer

The information processing model of memory consists of three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Processing, while important, is not considered a separate stage in this model.

Question 7

In memory information processing,an individual MUST ________ a memory before ___________ it.
A) store; retrieving
B) retrieve; rehearsing
C) process; inputting
D) store; consolidating

Accepted Answer

In order for an individual to retrieve a memory, it must first be stored. Therefore, the correct sequence is to store the memory before retrieving it. Option B (retrieve before rehearsing) is incorrect because rehearsal is a step in the encoding process before storage, and retrieval happens after storage. Option C (process before inputting) is not accurate because processing happens during encoding, but storage is still necessary before retrieving the memory. Option D (store before consolidating) is also incorrect because consolidation refers to the processes that strengthen the memory trace after encoding and storage have already occurred.

Question 8

You witness an accident and see one of the cars driving away from the scene.Even though you have just seen the license plate,you cannot remember the number.The license plate was probably NOT initially:
A) encoded.
B) ignored.
C) rehearsed.
D) processed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You witness an accident and see one...

Question 9

What are the three steps in memory information processing?
A) input,storage,retrieval
B) encoding,storage,retrieval
C) encoding,retrieval,storage
D) input,processing,output

Accepted Answer

The three steps in memory information processing are encoding (getting information into memory), storage (retaining information over time), and retrieval (recovering information from memory). Option B, encoding, storage, retrieval, best reflects these steps. Option A, input, storage, retrieval, doesn't capture the initial step of processing the input to form a memory trace. Option C, encoding, retrieval, storage, doesn't reflect the second storage stage. Option D, input, processing, output, is not a model of memory processing, but rather a general model of information processing that doesn't differentiate between sensory, short-term, and long-term memory stores.

Question 10

Sleep disturbances disrupt memory because they disrupt:
A) consolidation.
B) transience.
C) consciousness.
D) analogies.

Accepted Answer

Sleep disturbances can affect the consolidation of memories, which is the process by which memories are stabilized and strengthened after they are formed. Disruptions in this process can lead to difficulties in remembering and retrieving information. Transience, which refers to the fading of memories over time, and consciousness, which is the state of awareness, are not directly related to sleep disturbances' effects on memory. Analogies, which are comparisons between different things, are also not related to this topic.

Question 11

The storage phase of information processing lasts:
A) a fraction of a second.
B) several seconds.
C) several minutes.
D) variable amounts of time.

Accepted Answer

The storage phase of information processing can last variable amounts of time, depending on factors such as importance, relevance, and repetition. Some memories may be stored for only a fraction of a second, while others may last for years or even a lifetime.

Question 12

The working of memory is frequently compared to the actions of a computer.However,human memory differs from that of a computer because human memories:
A) are entered by sensory input.
B) can degrade over time.
C) become stronger over time.
D) "live" in one place in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Human memories can degrade and become distorted over time, whereas computer memories do not decay unless there is a hardware or software malfunction.

Question 13

The idea that memory is distributed throughout the brain is called:
A) concurrent storage.
B) equity of distribution.
C) connectivity.
D) equipotentiality.

Accepted Answer

The idea that memory is distributed throughout the brain is called equipotentiality.

Question 14

When you are studying for an exam,the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating and strengthening the connections among neurons is the:
A) medial temporal lobe.
B) posterior parietal lobe.
C) left frontal lobe.
D) right temporal lobe.

Accepted Answer

The medial temporal lobe is responsible for encoding and consolidating new memories, which includes strengthening the connections among neurons while studying for an exam.

Question 15

Uchenna has been studying for his philosophy midterm all day.It is now 3:00 AM,and the exam is at 8:00 AM the same morning.The best thing that Uchenna can do now to increase his chances of doing well on the exam is to:
A) keep reviewing the material.
B) relate the material he has learned to his own life.
C) get some sleep.
D) write some sample essays.

Accepted Answer

Getting some sleep is the best option because research has shown that sleep is crucial for memory consolidation and retention. Uchenna will perform better on the exam if he is well-rested and alert. Continuously studying without sleep can actually decrease his ability to retain information and negatively affect his performance on the exam.

Question 16

Yesterday you taught your dog to crawl across the floor while barking.If the dog is to perform this fabulous trick tomorrow,then he will need to _____ the trick,then _____ the trick,then _____ the trick.
A) encode; store; retrieve
B) store; encode; retrieve
C) rehearse; store; retrieve
D) store; rehearse; retrieve

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yesterday you taught your dog to crawl...

Question 17

Memory requires attention.If you want to remember something well,it is best to attend to only one thing at a time because:
A) attention is limited.
B) attention is unlimited.
C) attention is relatively permanent.
D) attention waxes and wanes.

Accepted Answer

Attention is limited and can only focus on one thing at a time. If attention is divided between multiple things, each receives less attention and the memory of each is weaker. Therefore, it is best to attend to only one thing at a time if you want to remember it well.

Question 18

Research on memory consolidation reveals that memories:
A) are aided by sleep.
B) are stored as exact copies of experience.
C) are easy to duplicate.
D) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that sleep actually aids in the consolidation and storage of memories, meaning that memories are better retained and strengthened through proper amounts of sleep. Option B is incorrect as memories are not exact copies of experience, rather they are constructed and reconstructed based on various factors such as context, emotion and cognition. Option C is also incorrect as memories are unique and cannot be easily duplicated.

Question 19

Recent research suggests that negative memories may be erased through:
A) blocking of reconsolidation.
B) lack of sleep.
C) schemas.
D) fMRI studies.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has suggested that negative memories can be erased by blocking the reconsolidation process that occurs when memories are retrieved and stored again. By interfering with this process, it is possible to weaken or erase a negative memory. This has been demonstrated in studies using animal models and is being explored as a potential therapy for conditions like PTSD in humans. Lack of sleep, schemas, and fMRI studies are not directly related to erasing negative memories.

Question 20

Changes in the strength of neural connections and construction of new synapses is the process of:
A) retrieval.
B) encoding.
C) consolidation.
D) rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Consolidation involves the strengthening and construction of new synapses in order to form long-term memories. Retrieval is the process of accessing stored memories, encoding is the initial process of creating a memory, and rehearsal involves repetition to aid in encoding or retrieval but does not necessarily involve changes in the strength or construction of synapses.

Quiz 7: Memory

When you recall a memory of your best friend's car,you are activating the cortical circuits in the _ cortex involved in _ her car.

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:

Digitally editing a photograph on a computer is analogous to which memory process?

The phase of information processing that is most similar to a Google search is:

Even though Manuel has watched his psychology professor lecture three times a week for 10 weeks,he does not know what color her hair is.This lack of knowledge most likely represents a failure of:

The information processing model of memory is based on computer functioning and consists of all of the following stages EXCEPT:

In memory information processing,an individual MUST a memory before ___ it.

You witness an accident and see one of the cars driving away from the scene.Even though you have just seen the license plate,you cannot remember the number.The license plate was probably NOT initially:

What are the three steps in memory information processing?

Sleep disturbances disrupt memory because they disrupt:

The storage phase of information processing lasts:

The working of memory is frequently compared to the actions of a computer.However,human memory differs from that of a computer because human memories:

The idea that memory is distributed throughout the brain is called:

When you are studying for an exam,the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating and strengthening the connections among neurons is the:

Uchenna has been studying for his philosophy midterm all day.It is now 3:00 AM,and the exam is at 8:00 AM the same morning.The best thing that Uchenna can do now to increase his chances of doing well on the exam is to:

Yesterday you taught your dog to crawl across the floor while barking.If the dog is to perform this fabulous trick tomorrow,then he will need to ___ the trick,then _ the trick,then ___ the trick.

Memory requires attention.If you want to remember something well,it is best to attend to only one thing at a time because:

Research on memory consolidation reveals that memories:

Recent research suggests that negative memories may be erased through:

Changes in the strength of neural connections and construction of new synapses is the process of: