Question 1

Akila's brother asks her if she knows the names of the capitals of Texas and Montana.She instantly knows that the capital of Texas is Austin,but she does not know the capital of Montana.Akila is using her _____ memory to retrieve _____ memories.
A) explicit; declarative
B) implicit; tacit
C) episodic; autobiographical
D) procedural; semantic

Accepted Answer

Akila is using her explicit memory to retrieve declarative memories. Explicit memory is conscious and intentional memory while declarative memory is memory for facts and events. Akila consciously recalls the fact that Austin is the capital of Texas, but she does not have the same level of conscious awareness of the capital of Montana.

Question 2

Consider a psychology experiment where someone is asked to say,as rapidly as possible,whether a sentence appearing on a computer screen is true or false.Research has shown that people will be faster to say that it is true that a sandal is a shoe than to say that it is true that a sandal is a piece of clothing.Which model of human memory could easily account for this finding?
A) levels of processing model
B) modal memory model
C) prototype model
D) spreading activation model

Accepted Answer

The spreading activation model of human memory proposes that activating one concept or idea will trigger the activation of related concepts or ideas in memory. In this case, the concept of "shoe" may be more strongly associated with the concept of "sandal" than the concept of "piece of clothing," leading to faster response times when identifying the statement "a sandal is a shoe" as true.

Question 3

A psychologist who agreed with network of association theories would suggest that the best way to set up a computer hard drive to mimic human memory would be to organize the information into:
A) alphabetically tagged files.
B) nested files.
C) temporally flagged files.
D) hierarchical files.

Accepted Answer

A network of association theory suggests that human memory is organized in a hierarchical structure, with smaller pieces of information being linked together to form larger concepts. Therefore, the best way to set up a computer hard drive to mimic human memory would be to use hierarchical files, where smaller files are grouped together to form larger categories. This mimics the way that our brains organize information and would make it easier for humans to access and retrieve information from the computer.

Question 4

When Jon visits his grandmother's house,he always thinks about his childhood.Something about the way her house smells triggers the memory.This phenomenon is referred to as:
A) context-dependent memory.
B) a network of association.
C) memory nodes.
D) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described, in which a certain context (in this case, the way his grandmother's house smells) triggers memories, is known as context-dependent memory.

Question 5

According to the networks of association theory,what words would come to mind when you hear the trigger word red?
A) rose; fire engine
B) flower; vehicle
C) cherry; police car
D) pansy; toy wagon

Accepted Answer

The trigger word "red" has strong associations with the color of a rose and the color of a fire engine. These two options form the best choices according to the networks of association theory.

Question 6

One of the best ways to remember factual information is to relate it to something personal that happened to you.In this way,you are taking advantage of your _____ memory to aid retrieval from your _____ memory.
A) implicit; explicit
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; semantic
D) explicit; implicit

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the memory of autobiographical events experienced at a specific point in time and place, while semantic memory is the memory of general knowledge and facts. Relating factual information to a personal experience helps to store it in episodic memory, which can aid retrieval from semantic memory.

Question 7

If you study in the same room in which you take an exam,you will probably do better on the exam than if you had studied somewhere else.This outcome occurs because of _____ memory,which is a form of _____.
A) context-dependent; hierarchical storage
B) state-dependent; hierarchical storage
C) context-dependent; encoding specificity
D) state-dependent; encoding specificity

Accepted Answer

Context-dependent memory refers to the idea that we are more likely to remember information in the same context in which we learned it. Encoding specificity refers to the idea that we are more likely to remember information when the cues present at encoding also are present at retrieval. Therefore, studying in the same room as the exam provides both contextual cues and encoding specificity, leading to improved memory retrieval and performance on the exam.

Question 8

According to network of association theories,concepts in memory are localized in:
A) nodes.
B) associations.
C) feature lists.
D) feature hierarchies.

Accepted Answer

According to network of association theories, concepts in memory are stored in nodes, which are connected to other nodes representing related concepts through associations. This network of nodes and associations forms our semantic memory. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. B, C, and D are not as accurate or relevant to the theory.

Question 9

Samantha has just broken up with her boyfriend and is feeling very sad.She resolves to change her mood by thinking about happy things but finds that she just keeps remembering other sad things.Samantha's experience can best be explained in terms of:
A) context-dependent memory.
B) cognitive schemas.
C) depth of processing.
D) state-dependent memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Samantha has just broken up with her...

Question 10

Karl's grandmother,who came from Poland,died when he was three.He can remember very little about her.In fact,he has no conscious memories of the wonderful Polish food she used to cook.One day,Karl walks by a Polish restaurant and is flooded with memories of his grandmother.The food served as a _____ for Karl's memories of his grandmother.
A) mnemonic
B) mental image
C) frame
D) retrieval cue

Accepted Answer

A retrieval cue is a trigger that helps access a particular memory. The Polish food served as a retrieval cue for Karl's memories of his grandmother.

Question 11

The encoding specificity principle states that:
A) only similar kinds of information can be encoded together.
B) anything encoded with information can be a retrieval cue for that information.
C) similar kinds of information are encoded into common schemas.
D) associative networks are formed of similarly encoded pieces of information.

Accepted Answer

The encoding specificity principle suggests that any information that is encoded with a piece of information can be a retrieval cue for that information. This means that the more cues that are available during retrieval, the more likely it is that information will be remembered. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 12

On his way to get an afternoon snack,Jed walks by a billboard advertising hamburgers.He had intended to order an ice cream cone but instead orders french fries.According to the spreading activation model,the hamburger made Jed want french fries because:
A) hamburgers and french fries are part of the prospective memory.
B) hamburgers activated the nodes for french fries.
C) hamburgers were encoded with french fries.
D) hamburgers and french fries are part of the same procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

The spreading activation model suggests that nodes in our memory are interconnected and when one node is activated, it triggers the activation of related nodes. In this case, seeing the billboard advertising hamburgers activated the node for french fries, which then made Jed want to order them instead of an ice cream cone. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 13

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called _____ memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called _____ memory.
A) context-dependent; state-dependent
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; semantic
D) state-dependent; context-dependent

Accepted Answer

The described memory enhancements are referred to as context-dependent memory (when the situations during encoding and recall match) and state-dependent memory (when the internal states during encoding and recall match). These terms are commonly used in the field of psychology and memory research. Option A correctly matches these definitions. Option B refers to two different types of memory (semantic and episodic) and option C swaps the terms used for each type of memory enhancement. Option D incorrectly matches the terms in reverse order.

Question 14

If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of the 50 states,then you have excellent episodic memory but somewhat poor _____ memory.
A) semantic
B) implicit
C) explicit
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to remember personal experiences and events in a specific context, while semantic memory refers to the memory of general knowledge and facts that are not tied to a specific time or place. If someone can remember what they did yesterday, but has difficulty recalling information such as the names of the 50 states, it suggests that they have strong episodic memory but weaker semantic memory.

Question 15

Patient H.M.suffered from seizures and had part of his medial temporal lobes removed.As a result,he could no longer:
A) remember his past.
B) form new implicit memories.
C) form new explicit memories.
D) remember anything at all.

Accepted Answer

Patient H.M.'s medial temporal lobes contained the hippocampus, which plays a critical role in forming new explicit memories. Therefore, after the removal of this brain area, Patient H.M. was unable to form new explicit memories.

Question 16

An older view of human memory argued that all memories were essentially of the same type.Newer views like those of Schachter and Tulving disagree,arguing that memories involve several different:
A) strengths.
B) types of neurons.
C) interacting systems.
D) independent processes.

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Tulving argue that memories involve several different interacting systems, such as sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Therefore, C is the best choice as it is the only option that refers to multiple systems. A, B, and D do not accurately capture the current understanding of memory as involving multiple interacting systems.

Question 17

If someone asks you who is running for president,you will answer from your _____ memory.If someone asks who you voted for in the last election,you could answer from your _____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) procedural; explicit
D) explicit; procedural

Accepted Answer

"Who is running for president?" is a question that requires semantic memory, as it is general knowledge information. "Who you voted for in the last election" is a question that requires episodic memory, as it relates to a specific event in one's personal life. Therefore, the correct answer is B, with semantic memory being the first option and episodic memory being the second option.

Question 18

People usually remember how many days there are in the months of September,October,and May by using:
A) verbal mnemonics.
B) episodic memory.
C) semantic memory.
D) elaborative retrieval.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People usually remember how many days there...

Question 19

The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n):
A) procedural memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) episodic memory.
D) semantic memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the type of memory that allows us to recall specific events from our lives, such as our wedding day. Procedural memory is related to knowing how to perform certain tasks, short-term memory is the ability to hold onto information for a brief period of time, and semantic memory involves the recall of general knowledge and facts rather than personal experiences.

Question 20

Understanding how to serve a ball in tennis involves _____ memory; the act of serving the ball involves _____ memory; and your first memory of serving a tennis ball involves ________ memory.
A) declarative; procedural; episodic
B) episodic; procedural; declarative
C) procedural; declarative; episodic
D) procedural; episodic; declarative

Accepted Answer

Understanding how to serve a ball in tennis involves declarative memory, as it requires verbal or conscious knowledge of the rules and technique. The act of serving the ball involves procedural memory, as it is a skill that is performed automatically without conscious thought. Your first memory of serving a tennis ball involves episodic memory, as it is a personal memory of a specific event that took place at a specific time and place.

Quiz 7: Memory

Akila's brother asks her if she knows the names of the capitals of Texas and Montana.She instantly knows that the capital of Texas is Austin,but she does not know the capital of Montana.Akila is using her _ memory to retrieve _ memories.

A psychologist who agreed with network of association theories would suggest that the best way to set up a computer hard drive to mimic human memory would be to organize the information into:

When Jon visits his grandmother's house,he always thinks about his childhood.Something about the way her house smells triggers the memory.This phenomenon is referred to as:

According to the networks of association theory,what words would come to mind when you hear the trigger word red?

One of the best ways to remember factual information is to relate it to something personal that happened to you.In this way,you are taking advantage of your _ memory to aid retrieval from your _ memory.

If you study in the same room in which you take an exam,you will probably do better on the exam than if you had studied somewhere else.This outcome occurs because of _ memory,which is a form of _.

According to network of association theories,concepts in memory are localized in:

Samantha has just broken up with her boyfriend and is feeling very sad.She resolves to change her mood by thinking about happy things but finds that she just keeps remembering other sad things.Samantha's experience can best be explained in terms of:

The encoding specificity principle states that:

On his way to get an afternoon snack,Jed walks by a billboard advertising hamburgers.He had intended to order an ice cream cone but instead orders french fries.According to the spreading activation model,the hamburger made Jed want french fries because:

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called _ memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called _ memory.

If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of the 50 states,then you have excellent episodic memory but somewhat poor _____ memory.

Patient H.M.suffered from seizures and had part of his medial temporal lobes removed.As a result,he could no longer:

An older view of human memory argued that all memories were essentially of the same type.Newer views like those of Schachter and Tulving disagree,arguing that memories involve several different:

If someone asks you who is running for president,you will answer from your _ memory.If someone asks who you voted for in the last election,you could answer from your _ memory.

People usually remember how many days there are in the months of September,October,and May by using:

The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n) :

Understanding how to serve a ball in tennis involves ___ memory; the act of serving the ball involves _ memory; and your first memory of serving a tennis ball involves ______ memory.