Question 1

Ayeesha was raised in a safe neighborhood with consistent parenting presence from both her mother and father.Priya was raised in a rough neighborhood with frequent robberies.Her mother was an inconsistent presence in her life.Based on these facts alone,what could you conclude about the relative rate that these girls would go through puberty?
A) Ayeesha will likely go through puberty first because there were no threat cues in her environment.
B) Priya will likely go through puberty first because there were a lot of threat cues in her environment.
C) They will likely start puberty at the same time,but Ayeesha will develop more quickly.
D) Their pubertal paths will likely be the same because the environment does not influence puberty at all.

Accepted Answer

Environmental stressors and threat cues, such as those present in Priya's environment, can lead to earlier onset of puberty.

Question 2

Christine is a 13-year-old girl who is looking for a boyfriend.If she wants to find someone who is likely to be at the same point in development,she would look for a ________ year-old boy.
A) 13
B) 15
C) 12
D) 19

Accepted Answer

Girls typically enter puberty earlier than boys, which means a 13-year-old girl is likely to be at a similar developmental stage as a 15-year-old boy.

Question 3

Joanne just moved to a new city for a job and is finding it hard to go out and meet new people.According to Erikson,Joanne is struggling with the ________ psychosocial crisis.
A) initiative versus guilt
B) identity versus role confusion
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) generativity versus stagnation

Accepted Answer

The psychosocial crisis Joanne is facing is related to intimacy versus isolation. This stage happens in early adulthood, where individuals feel the need to establish close relationships with others. If they cannot establish these relationships, they may feel isolated or lonely. Joanne's struggle to meet new people suggests she is experiencing this crisis.

Question 4

Sexual reassignment surgery can lead to a mismatch between:
A) gender and gender roles.
B) gender and gender identity.
C) gender and gender schemas.
D) gender schemas and gender roles.

Accepted Answer

Sexual reassignment surgery is a medical procedure that physically alters a person's body to align with their gender identity. Therefore, it can lead to a mismatch between one's gender and their gender identity.

Question 5

Michael is a 4-year-old boy who enjoys playing with dolls and wearing dresses,despite knowing that he is a boy.Which of the following would characterize his gender identity and gender role based on this description alone?
A) gender identity: male; gender role: male
B) gender identity: male; gender role: female
C) gender identity: female; gender role: male
D) gender identity: female; gender role: female

Accepted Answer

Michael identifies as a boy (gender identity: male) but engages in activities traditionally associated with girls (gender role: female).

Question 6

From an evolutionary perspective,how do biology and environment influence pubertal development?
A) Biological factors are the sole influence on development.
B) Environmental factors are the sole influence on development.
C) Biological factors influence the time of pubertal onset but environmental factors influence the rate of puberty.
D) Biological and environmental factors interact to shape the onset and rate of puberty.

Accepted Answer

Biology plays a significant role in the onset of puberty, as it is triggered by hormones released by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. However, environmental factors such as nutrition, stress, and exposure to toxins can impact the rate of puberty. Additionally, social and cultural factors can influence pubertal experiences, such as timing and perceptions of it. Therefore, both biological and environmental factors interact to shape the onset and rate of puberty.

Question 7

In which of the following cultures is identity development especially linked to social development?
A) Japan
B) China
C) Kenya
D) United States

Accepted Answer

Identity development in the United States is especially linked to social development due to the emphasis on individualism and the importance placed on one's social identity and relationships with others. In contrast, cultures such as Japan and China place more emphasis on collectivism and interdependence, where identity is often shaped by one's connection to the group or community rather than individual identity development. Kenya, on the other hand, has a diverse range of cultural practices and beliefs, making it difficult to generalize identity development across the country.

Question 8

Which of the following changes begins to happen at the start of puberty?
A) decreases in hormone levels
B) regressions of primary sex characteristics
C) development of secondary emotions
D) a rapid,hormonally driven increase in height and weight

Accepted Answer

At the start of puberty, there is a rapid, hormonally driven increase in height and weight due to the release of growth hormones. A and B are incorrect as hormone levels do not decrease and primary sex characteristics do not regress during puberty. C is incorrect as there is no development of secondary emotions during puberty.

Question 9

Jenny is a 32-year-old stay-at-home mother who spends much of her time caring for her children and knitting clothes for them.Which of the following would characterize her gender identity and gender role based on this description alone?
A) gender identity: male; gender role: male
B) gender identity: male; gender role: female
C) gender identity: female; gender role: male
D) gender identity: female; gender role: female

Accepted Answer

Based on the description given, it can be inferred that Jenny identifies as a female (gender identity) and takes on the traditional societal role of a caregiver and homemaker (gender role), which aligns with traditional female gender roles. Therefore, choice D is the most appropriate answer.

Question 10

As discussed in your textbook,the case of Bruce,who was surgically and hormonally reassigned to a female identity (Brenda),illustrates that:
A) gender identity is not totally dependent on how one is socialized.
B) gender is highly changeable if biological changes are also made.
C) how a person thinks about his or her gender identity is less important than that person's biological sex.
D) surgical reassignment to the other sex is usually successful.

Accepted Answer

The case of Bruce/Brenda suggests that gender identity is not solely dependent on socialization but also has a biological component. Despite being raised as a girl, Brenda ultimately rejected this identity and transitioned back to living as a male. This indicates that there is more to gender identity than just socialization.

Question 11

Sarah and Johnny were caught hitting each other during recess.The two are in kindergarten in Oklahoma.With Sarah's last smack,Johnny starts crying and calls the teacher over.How is the teacher,Mrs.Butler,likely to respond to both Sarah and Johnny's behavior?
A) Mrs.Butler will reprimand Johnny more strictly than Sarah for fighting.
B) Mrs.Butler will reprimand Sarah but not Johnny for this incident.
C) Mrs.Butler is likely to disapprove of Sarah's fighting and Johnny's crying and punish both of them.
D) Mrs.Butler will see this incident as part of normal development and will not punish either.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Butler is likely to disapprove of both Sarah's fighting and Johnny's crying and punish both of them. This is because hitting is not allowed in school and crying is not an appropriate response to being hit. Punishing both children sends a message that physical violence is not tolerated and encourages them to find non-violent ways to resolve conflicts in the future.

Question 12

From Erikson's point of view,what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?
A) learning to deal with sexual issues
B) developing an adult identity
C) resolving the intimacy versus isolation crisis
D) identifying sexual orientation

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the major goal of development during the adolescent period is to develop an adult identity. This involves exploring and defining one's goals, values, and beliefs, and establishing a sense of self that is separate from one's parents or caregivers. While sexual issues and sexual orientation may be a part of this process, they are not the primary focus of adolescent development according to Erikson. The crisis of intimacy versus isolation typically occurs in young adulthood, not adolescence.

Question 13

Your friend just gave birth to a set of fraternal twins,Sally (girl)and Peter (boy).What is the main factor that has already influenced the gender identities of the twins?
A) brain chemistry
B) socialization
C) hormones from the placenta
D) nothing-the two children have the same gender identity at this point

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend just gave birth to a...

Question 14

Imagine you are a psychologist who was asked to consult on a case of a 10-month-old boy,Seth,who was in an accident that severely mangled his penis.His parents are considering reassigning this child's gender because of the damage to one of his primary sex organs.What would you recommend they do?
A) raise Seth as a girl
B) raise Seth as a boy
C) raise Seth as a girl,but give her the choice to take hormone supplements in adolescence
D) move to a country that has legalized a third gender category

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that gender reassignment surgery or hormone therapy is effective in young children. Furthermore, assigning a gender to Seth based solely on the condition of his genitals is not appropriate. Gender identity is a complex and multifaceted concept that includes biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Therefore, it is recommended to raise Seth as a boy and allow him to explore his gender identity as he develops. This approach will allow Seth to make decisions regarding hormone therapy, gender confirmation surgery, and other treatments based on his own experiences and preferences.

Question 15

Gender refers to ________,while sex refers to ________.
A) biological differences between the sexes; how you think about yourself in a sexual sense
B) behaviors that are an outgrowth of socialization practices; biological differences between the sexes
C) how you think about yourself in a sexual sense; biological differences between the sexes
D) behaviors that are an outgrowth of socialization practices; how you think about yourself in a sexual sense

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to behaviors and roles that are socially constructed and vary across different cultures and historical periods. Sex, on the other hand, refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.

Question 16

Shari just got her first tattoo at 17 years of age.Her mother is furious with her and cannot understand why she got this tattoo.Biologically,Shari's behavior likely arises from:
A) simple teenage rebellion.
B) Shari's biologically-based tempramental predisposition,which typically develops around this time.
C) synaptogenesis in the decision-making regions of the brain during this time.
D) her limbic systems developing more quickly than her frontal brain regions.

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, the limbic system, which is involved in emotions and rewards, develops more quickly than the frontal brain regions responsible for decision-making and impulse control, leading to risk-taking behaviors.

Question 17

Marisa's parents immigrated to the United States from India before she was born.Marisa constantly fights with her mother because she wants more freedom like the rest of her friends.However,Marisa is also not comfortable wearing as revealing clothes as many of her American friends.According to Erikson,Marisa is struggling with the ________ psychosocial crisis.
A) initiative versus Guilt
B) identity versus role confusion
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) generativity versus stagnation

Accepted Answer

Marisa is struggling with developing her own identity while balancing her cultural expectations and fitting in with her American peers. This is the central conflict of the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

Question 18

Research on brain differences at birth in males and females demonstrates that:
A) these differences explain many of the subsequent differences between men and women.
B) no reliable differences have yet been identified.
C) we do not yet have enough data to understand what the source of the observed differences between male and female brains might be.
D) sex differences do not develop until puberty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on brain differences at birth in...

Question 19

Karen and Dan are ninth graders who just started dating.Even though they're in the same grade,which one is likely to be at the more advanced pubertal developmental stage?
A) Karen
B) Dan
C) neither-they're at the same level
D) neither of them is likely to have reached puberty yet

Accepted Answer

Typically, girls enter puberty earlier than boys, so Karen is more likely to be at a more advanced pubertal developmental stage compared to Dan.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios describe someone who has successfully resolved the teenage crisis?
A) Joan is secure in her identity as a friend,daughter,and student and these identities guide her actions.
B) Jeffrey balances his responsibilities as a student,son,and worker at his after school job.
C) Jenny is happily married to a successful lawyer.
D) John can work successfully within a team for various school projects.

Accepted Answer

Joan has developed a sense of identity, which is a key aspect of resolving the teenage crisis according to Erik Erikson's theory.

Answer: B and D 
 Jeffrey and John have developed a sense of responsibility and the ability to work with others, which are also important aspects of resolving the teenage crisis. However, neither scenario explicitly mentions a sense of identity, which is why they are not the best choice alone.

Quiz 9: Human Development

Christine is a 13-year-old girl who is looking for a boyfriend.If she wants to find someone who is likely to be at the same point in development,she would look for a ________ year-old boy.

Joanne just moved to a new city for a job and is finding it hard to go out and meet new people.According to Erikson,Joanne is struggling with the ________ psychosocial crisis.

Sexual reassignment surgery can lead to a mismatch between:

Michael is a 4-year-old boy who enjoys playing with dolls and wearing dresses,despite knowing that he is a boy.Which of the following would characterize his gender identity and gender role based on this description alone?

From an evolutionary perspective,how do biology and environment influence pubertal development?

In which of the following cultures is identity development especially linked to social development?

Which of the following changes begins to happen at the start of puberty?

Jenny is a 32-year-old stay-at-home mother who spends much of her time caring for her children and knitting clothes for them.Which of the following would characterize her gender identity and gender role based on this description alone?

As discussed in your textbook,the case of Bruce,who was surgically and hormonally reassigned to a female identity (Brenda) ,illustrates that:

Sarah and Johnny were caught hitting each other during recess.The two are in kindergarten in Oklahoma.With Sarah's last smack,Johnny starts crying and calls the teacher over.How is the teacher,Mrs.Butler,likely to respond to both Sarah and Johnny's behavior?

From Erikson's point of view,what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?

Your friend just gave birth to a set of fraternal twins,Sally (girl) and Peter (boy) .What is the main factor that has already influenced the gender identities of the twins?

Imagine you are a psychologist who was asked to consult on a case of a 10-month-old boy,Seth,who was in an accident that severely mangled his penis.His parents are considering reassigning this child's gender because of the damage to one of his primary sex organs.What would you recommend they do?

Gender refers to ,while sex refers to .

Shari just got her first tattoo at 17 years of age.Her mother is furious with her and cannot understand why she got this tattoo.Biologically,Shari's behavior likely arises from:

Research on brain differences at birth in males and females demonstrates that:

Karen and Dan are ninth graders who just started dating.Even though they're in the same grade,which one is likely to be at the more advanced pubertal developmental stage?

Which of the following scenarios describe someone who has successfully resolved the teenage crisis?