Question 1

Sandra's boss asked her to work this weekend,but Sandra feels obligated to attend a family reunion and she has to study for an exam.She is having trouble deciding which activity to let go.Sandra is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sandra's boss asked her to work this...

Question 2

Expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupants of a particular status are called:

Accepted Answer

Expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupants of a particular status are called roles. Roles are the set of expectations, norms, and behaviors associated with a particular status. They guide the behavior of individuals and help them know what is expected of them in a particular social context. Folkways are informal norms that guide everyday behavior, identities are the distinct characteristics and attributes of a person that make them who they are, and simple norms are basic guidelines for behavior that are not tied to a particular status.

Question 3

Expected conformity,especially among teenage friends,is known as:

Accepted Answer

Peer pressure refers to the influence that teenage friends have on individual behavior in order to conform to group expectations or expectations of the group leader. It is a common experience for teenagers as they develop a sense of self and try to fit in with their peers. Option B, C, and D are not appropriate explanations for expected conformity among teenage friends.

Question 4

The sociological significance of roles is that they:

Accepted Answer

Roles provide a clear understanding of what is expected of an individual in a specific situation or context. The social significance of roles lies in their ability to dictate behavior and provide structure to society. They are not identical from one setting to the next, but rather vary based on social norms and cultural expectations.

Question 5

According to research by Kohn and Schooler (1983)and Lareau (2003),parents of different social classes socialize their children differently.Which of the following statements best describes these differences?

Accepted Answer

Kohn and Schooler (1983)found that middle-class parents encouraged their children to be independent and self-directed, while working-class parents emphasized obedience and respect for authority. Similarly, Lareau (2003)found that middle-class parents were more likely to be involved in their children's education and provide them with a broader range of experiences, while working-class parents placed more emphasis on conformity and respect for authority. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate statement.

Question 6

A single mother who is experiencing incompatibility within her role,such as dealing with sleep deprivation and spending quality time with her children,may be experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Role strain occurs when there are difficulties in fulfilling the demands of a single role, such as a mother dealing with sleep deprivation while trying to spend quality time with her children.

Question 7

The popular television show Sesame Street was created with the explicit purpose of providing educational opportunities for low-income children.Being that this show was successful,we can argue that:

Accepted Answer

The success of Sesame Street shows that media can have a powerful impact on the education and socialization of children. The show was specifically designed to provide educational opportunities for low-income children, demonstrating the important role that media can play in addressing issues of inequality in society. However, the success of Sesame Street does not necessarily mean that low-income children now have the same opportunities as their wealthier peers, nor does it suggest that children are not affected by what they see on television. Furthermore, the media alone does not have the power to erase the reproduction of inequality in society.

Question 8

Annette Lareau,author of Unequal Childhoods (2003),makes a compelling case for the existence of different parenting values and practices between working-class and middle-class families.Which of the following statements best summarizes what she found?

Accepted Answer

Annette Lareau's research in Unequal Childhoods found that class differences, specifically in parenting values and practices, have a powerful impact on children's life chances. She argues that working-class parents tend to emphasize obedience, conformity, and practical skills, while middle-class parents prioritize independent thinking, self-expression, and institutional knowledge. These differences in parenting styles can translate into advantages or disadvantages for children in terms of educational attainment, job prospects, and social mobility. Lareau's research challenges the notion that schools are the "great equalizer" and suggests that parental class background plays a significant role in shaping children's life trajectories.

Question 9

People and groups who influence our orientation to life and our self-concept,emotions,attitudes,and behaviors are:

Accepted Answer

Agents of socialization are individuals, organizations, and institutions that help us learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of our culture. These agents include family, peers, schools, religious institutions, and media. They shape our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior, and influence our orientation to life. Generalized others refer to the overall attitudes and expectations of society, while total institutions are places where individuals are isolated from the broader society and experience a highly controlled environment, such as prisons or mental institutions. Not all individuals or groups who influence us are in secondary groups, which are groups we belong to voluntarily and where relationships are based on mutual interests and activities.

Question 10

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies,such as student or professor,is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies is called a status. A status can be thought of as a label that distinguishes one individual from another in terms of their position in society. Examples of statuses include student, professor, doctor, nurse, parent, child, etc.

Question 11

Venus Williams is one of the top women's tennis players in the world.This status overrides all of her other statuses and is known as her:

Accepted Answer

Venus William's status as a top women's tennis player is her master status, which overrides all of her other statuses and is the primary way in which she is perceived in society.

Question 12

Janet has a paper due in her English class,a test in her psychology class,and field notes due in her anthropology class this week.On top of it all,she needs to meet with her advisor to plan out classes for next semester.Janet is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Janet is experiencing role strain, which is the tension and stress that arises from trying to fulfill multiple roles with conflicting demands. In this case, she is trying to balance her academic responsibilities with her obligation to meet with her advisor, and the demands of her different classes are causing strain. Role conflict (A) refers to contradictions or competing expectations between different roles, while status incongruity (B) refers to a mismatch between one's actual status and their perceived or desired status. Status pressure (D) generally refers to the external pressures, expectations, or demands placed on an individual to conform to certain social expectations, and is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 13

In their book Preparing for Power,Cookson and Persell (1985)explore the role that private prep schools play in transmitting power and privilege to the students who attend them.As discussed in your textbook,which is the most important aspect of prep school education?

Accepted Answer

According to Cookson and Persell (1985), the most important aspect of prep school education is the social networks that students are exposed to, which will benefit them for life. These networks provide access to powerful individuals and institutions that can further a student's career and social standing.

Question 14

Military boot camps and prisons are places that control all of the basics of people's day-to-day lives and are known as:

Accepted Answer

Total institutions are places where individuals are completely controlled by an institution, and all aspects of their daily life are regulated. This can include things like military boot camps and prisons. Bureaucracies are formal organizations that operate based on rules and hierarchies, but they do not necessarily control every aspect of an individual's daily life. Front stages refer to the part of an individual's social life that is visible to others, while ascribed statuses refer to the social status an individual is born into.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios involves the use of peer pressure?

Accepted Answer

Peer pressure refers to the influence that individuals feel from their peers to behave in certain ways or to conform to group expectations. In this scenario, the student's friends are pressuring her to engage in a behavior (drinking) that she may not have initially intended to do.

Question 16

Who developed role theory as a way to examine social interaction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who developed role theory as a way...

Question 17

Although there are many agents of socialization,four of the primary ones,according to the textbook,are:

Accepted Answer

The textbook lists family, schools, peers, and media as the primary agents of socialization. These four factors play a significant role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors from childhood through adulthood. While other factors such as religion, peers, and cultural institutions also influence socialization, family, schools, peers, and media are considered to be the most important.

Question 18

A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as:

Accepted Answer

Resocialization is a process by which an individual's existing behaviors and beliefs are altered through intense socialization, often in a new environment. This can occur when an individual enters a new institution or when their existing institutions fundamentally change.

Question 19

According to Annette Lareau (2003),working-class and poor parents focus on the "accomplishment of natural growth," while middle-class parents are more likely to engage in "concerted cultivation." In the "accomplishment of natural growth," children experience:

Accepted Answer

The "accomplishment of natural growth" emphasizes a child's natural development without as much parental intervention or scheduling of activities. This includes unstructured playtime and clear boundaries between children and adults. Options A and D both suggest parental involvement in a child's academic and social life, which conflicts with the idea of natural growth. Option B suggests organized activities, which are not emphasized in the accomplishment of natural growth.

Question 20

Which of the following would be the best example of a total institution?

Accepted Answer

A convent, as a place where individuals live, work, and socialize together in a highly controlled environment, is the best example of a total institution. In a convent, members are subject to strict rules and regulations, their every move is monitored, and their daily routines are highly structured. Other examples of total institutions may include prisons, military barracks, and mental hospitals. Boy Scout troops, political parties, and sports teams may have some elements of institutionalization but do not meet the criteria of a total institution.

Quiz 4: Socialization and the Construction of Reality