Question 1

Which of the following types of groups are significant in that they distinguish between the relative power to define what are normal versus abnormal types of behavior within the groups?

Accepted Answer

In-groups and out-groups are significant in distinguishing between the relative power to define what are normal versus abnormal types of behavior within the group. In-groups are characterized by a sense of belonging and members have more power to define what is considered normal behavior. Out-groups are characterized by a sense of exclusion and members are seen as deviant or abnormal.

Question 2

Powerful groups that are often the majority,such as heterosexuals in the United States,are known as:

Accepted Answer

In-groups refer to durable groups in which people feel like they belong and share a sense of identity, while out-groups refer to groups of people who feel socially excluded or stigmatized. Heterosexuals in the United States are the majority group, which means they generally share a sense of identity and belonging and therefore they can be considered an in-group. Primary and secondary groups refer to the nature of the connections people made with others, and they are not necessarily related to the status of the group in society.

Question 3

Which of the following would be an example of a large group using Simmel's classification?

Accepted Answer

A symphony orchestra is a large group of people who are working together to create a musical performance. Simmel's classification of large groups includes groups that are organized for a specific purpose, and a symphony orchestra is a good example of this type of group.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between in-groups and out-groups?

Accepted Answer

In-groups are typically more powerful as they hold more influence and control within a social structure, whereas out-groups are often marginalized or less influential.

Question 5

Stigmatized groups,such as gays and lesbians in the United States,are known as:

Accepted Answer

Stigmatized groups are known as out-groups, meaning they are marginalized and excluded from the dominant group in society.

Question 6

Solomon Asch's experiments on group conformity demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

Asch's experiments showed that even when participants knew their own responses were correct, they often conformed to the incorrect answers given by the rest of the group. This demonstrates the powerful influence of group pressure on individual behavior. The experiments did not address the influence of money or gender, nor did they focus on the power of leadership on decision-making.

Question 7

Marina is a ten-year-old girl who idolizes singers like Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.She compares herself to them and imitates them while singing in front of her bedroom mirror.These singers are known as Marina's:

Accepted Answer

Marina's admiration for Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera suggests that they serve as her reference group—a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.

Question 8

Jill attends a leadership training session at her company's corporate offices.There are six trainers and 48 participants at the seminar.This would be an example of which kind of group?

Accepted Answer

This would be considered a large group as it has more than 20 members. Small groups usually have 3-20 members, whereas primary and party groups are specific types of small groups with distinctive characteristics.

Question 9

A group that helps us understand our position relative to other groups is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A reference group is a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions. It helps individuals to understand their position relative to other groups by providing a standard against which we can evaluate our own attitudes and behaviors.

Question 10

Which of the following conducted experiments and established a test that demonstrates the power of group conformity?

Accepted Answer

Solomon Asch conducted a study on group conformity, known as the Asch conformity experiments. In these experiments, participants were asked to match the length of lines. The study demonstrated the power of group influence, as participants often gave incorrect answers to conform with the group's consensus.

Question 11

Your introduction to sociology class is probably which of the following types of groups identified by Cooley?

Accepted Answer

Cooley identified primary groups as those which involve face-to-face interaction and personal relationships, such as family and close friends. Secondary groups, on the other hand, are larger and more impersonal, often based on shared interests or goals. An introduction to sociology class would likely fall under the category of a secondary group.

Question 12

Sets of dyads held together by ties between the individuals are known as:

Accepted Answer

Sets of dyads held together by ties between the individuals are known as social networks. Triads refer to a group of three individuals, primary groups refer to a small, intimate group characterized by face-to-face interaction and strong emotional ties, and reference groups refer to a group with which individuals identify and use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their behavior.

Question 13

A set of stories that ties you to a social group is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A set of stories that ties you to a social group is known as a narrative. This is because narratives are stories that can connect people together by sharing experiences, beliefs, and values. It helps to promote a sense of belonging and identity within a group.

Question 14

Chapter 5,which explores interaction in groups,opens with a story about an Australian artist who creates a business importing and distributing food products and utilities from around the globe.Her business would not be possible without:

Accepted Answer

The opening story highlights the importance of social networks in the success of the artist's business. Without a strong social network, she would not have been able to connect with the people and companies necessary to import and distribute various products.

Question 15

You have six friends over to your apartment for dinner and drinks.Three of the friends are discussing Einstein's theory of relativity,while the other three are talking about the World Cup.According to Simmel,is this a party yet?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have six friends over to your...

Question 16

A family is an example of which type of group identified by Cooley?

Accepted Answer

Cooley identified primary groups as small, intimate groups characterized by face-to-face interaction and a strong sense of unity and loyalty, such as families. Secondary groups, on the other hand, are larger and more impersonal, formed for a specific goal or purpose, such as a work team or a political organization.

Question 17

Which of the following types of groups do people compare themselves to,even if they don't know each other personally?

Accepted Answer

People compare themselves to reference groups, which are groups with whom they do not necessarily have direct contact, but they use them as a standard for evaluating attitudes and behaviors.

Question 18

While a social network is ____________,a social tie ____________.

Accepted Answer

A social network refers to the connections between people, while a social tie specifically explains the relationship between two people.

Question 19

Cooley distinguished between two types of groups he called:

Accepted Answer

Cooley distinguished between two types of groups he called primary and secondary groups.

Question 20

The characteristics of a formal structure and status differentiation are essential to which of Simmel's types of groups?

Accepted Answer

Simmel's concept of a "large group" is defined by the presence of a formal structure and status differentiation, making it distinct from smaller, more informal groups like triads and small groups, or larger groups based on shared interests or values (parties).

Quiz 5: Groups and Networks