Question 1

After conquering territory in what is now Iraq,Iran,Pakistan,Afghanistan,Armenia,and Anatolia,the Mongols who controlled this territory,called the Ilkhanate,converted to:

Accepted Answer

The Ilkhanate, which controlled the aforementioned territories, converted to Islam under the leadership of their ruler Ghazan Khan in the late 13th century. This conversion was significant because it signaled a move away from the traditional Mongol religion of Shamanism and towards Islam, which had become a dominant religion in the region. With their conversion to Islam, the Ilkhanate began to adopt Islamic customs and practices, including the use of Arabic as an administrative language and the construction of mosques.

Question 2

Time became standardized in the fourteenth century due to:

Accepted Answer

The invention and proliferation of mechanical clocks led to the standardization of time in the fourteenth century. Prior to the invention of mechanical clocks, different towns and cities had their own methods of timekeeping based on the position of the sun, leading to inconsistencies in timekeeping. The mechanical clock allowed for a more precise and standardized measurement of time.

Question 3

Long-distance trade in the thirteenth century usually occurred:

Accepted Answer

Long-distance trade in the thirteenth century occurred through a series of interlocking trade networks. These networks connected Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia through both land and sea routes. The Silk Road was one of the most important land routes, but many sea routes were also used, such as the one used by Venetian merchants who sailed from Italy to India. The Mongol empire facilitated this trade by providing a safe and stable environment for merchants to travel through, but trade existed both before and after their reign. The Ottoman empire did not significantly impact long-distance trade until later centuries.

Question 4

Increasing European interest in African gold was driven by:

Accepted Answer

The increasing European interest in African gold was driven by the increasing demand for expensive luxury goods in Europe, which required large amounts of gold to produce. African gold was highly valued due to its purity and high quality, making it a desirable commodity for European consumers.

Question 5

The first European colonies established outside of Europe geographically were in the:

Accepted Answer

The Atlantic Ocean is the correct choice because the first European colonies were established in the Americas, which are located in the Atlantic Ocean. The Caribbean Sea (Choice C) is a part of the Atlantic Ocean, but the question asks for the location of the first European colonies, not the first European colonies in a specific region. The Indian Ocean (Choice A) and the Pacific Ocean (Choice B) did not have European colonies until later in history. The Arctic Ocean (Choice E) is not a likely location for European colonies due to its harsh climate and remote location.

Question 6

For Europeans,the most important consequence of the Mongol conquests was:

Accepted Answer

The Mongol conquests facilitated extensive commercial links along the Silk Road, which greatly benefited European trade with the Far East. This allowed for the exchange of goods, ideas, cultures, and technologies, which had lasting effects on European society and the global economy. While the other options may have been significant, they were not as directly relevant to European interests and influence as the commercial opportunities created by the Mongol conquests.

Question 7

The Vikings did not permanently colonize the eastern coast of North America in part because:

Accepted Answer

Viking relations with the indigenous people of North America were not peaceful. This led to conflicts and made it difficult for the Vikings to establish permanent settlements in North America.

Question 8

The thirteenth century had witnessed the development of the philosophical belief that the secular and spiritual worlds were rational,organized,and comprehensible to human beings.In the fourteenth century,William of Ockham:

Accepted Answer

William of Ockham's philosophy, known as Ockhamism, emphasized the limitations of human reason and denied that it could prove fundamental theological truths. He argued that theology was a matter of faith, and that reason could only address questions concerning the natural world. This was a departure from the earlier belief that the secular and spiritual worlds were comprehensible to human reason.

Question 9

The leader who united the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China was named:

Accepted Answer

Temüjin, who took the title Genghis Khan, was able to unite the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China. Qubilai Khan was a later Mongol emperor who completed the conquest of China. Ögedei Khan was Genghis Khan's son who succeeded him as the Mongol Empire's second Great Khan. Timur the Lame (Tamerlane) was a Central Asian ruler who founded the Timurid Empire and was not related to Genghis Khan or the Mongol Empire. Lin Pao Khan is not a historical figure.

Question 10

The expression "Mongol horde" actually comes from the:

Accepted Answer

The expression "Mongol horde" comes from the Turkish word ordu which means "army."

Question 11

The commerce that occurred as a result of the Pax Mongolica was facilitated by the introduction of:

Accepted Answer

Double-entry bookkeeping and early forms of credit transfers were important innovations that helped facilitate commerce during the Pax Mongolica period. These innovations allowed merchants to keep track of their finances and make transactions across long distances, which was especially important for trade along the Silk Road. The introduction of these systems helped to standardize and streamline trade, making it easier for merchants to conduct business and facilitating the flow of goods and ideas across the Mongol Empire.

Question 12

Linguistically and ethnically,the Mongols were most closely related to the:

Accepted Answer

Linguistically and ethnically, the Mongols were most closely related to the Turks. They share a common Central Asian ancestry and Turkic language family.

Question 13

Why did the Pax Mongolica come to an end?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did the Pax Mongolica come to...

Question 14

Texts like Marco Polo's Description of the World:

Accepted Answer

Texts like Marco Polo's Description of the World were a mix of fact and fiction. Though they contained some accurate descriptions of the lands and peoples encountered on his travels, there were also embellishments and exaggerations that were likely introduced to make the story more interesting to readers.

Question 15

The Norse colony in Greenland ceased to exist during the fourteenth century because:

Accepted Answer

The climate had cooled considerably and farming was no longer possible. This made it difficult for the Norse to survive as they relied heavily on agriculture. Additionally, the colony may have faced other challenges such as limited resources and conflict with Inuit groups. While some Norse may have migrated to other areas, the main cause of the decline and eventual disappearance of the colony was the change in climate.

Question 16

In the early twelfth century,Genghis Khan quickly built up a large military force by:

Accepted Answer

Genghis Khan built up his military force by incorporating the warriors of defeated tribes into his own army, which allowed him to quickly amass a large force. This strategy of incorporating conquered peoples into the Mongol army would become a hallmark of Mongol military tactics.

Question 17

Mongol governance was directed toward:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mongol governance was directed toward:
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Question 18

Parallel to the interest in the gold trade in Europe,several entrepreneurial empires were established by Europeans.Among the first was that created by the:

Accepted Answer

The Catalans were among the first European entrepreneurs to establish an empire in the Mediterranean region. They created a trading empire that stretched from the Iberian Peninsula to the eastern Mediterranean, with a focus on the trade in precious metals and commodities.

Question 19

In the thirteenth century,Moscow became an important center because:

Accepted Answer

In the thirteenth century, Moscow became an important center because it became a tribute-collecting center for the Mongol Khanate. The Mongols ruled over a vast empire that included Russia, and Moscow was tasked with collecting tribute from other Russian principalities on behalf of the Mongol rulers. This gave Moscow significant political and economic power within the region.

Question 20

After the 1340s,the economy of Europe was marked by:

Accepted Answer

The economy of Europe after the 1340s was marked by silver shortages, which affected trade and monetary systems.

Quiz 10: The Medieval World,1250–1350