Question 1

You have learned that bioluminescence in Vibrio is a density-dependent phenomenon that depends on the presence of a signal molecule, its receptor, and luciferase.Design an experiment or application that takes advantage of this quorum-sensing communication system.

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Question 2

Refer to the figure.  A patient is admitted to the hospital complaining of pain when breathing, fatigue, and night sweats.You collect a cell culture from the patient's lungs and view it under the microscope.Based on the microscope image shown, what conclusions can you draw about the causal agent of the disease your patient is suffering from?

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Question 3

Refer to the figure.  Label the cells as Gram-positive or Gram-negative, and identify each portion of the structure.

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Question 4

Refer to the figure.  Label the three basic shapes of bacteria shown.

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Question 5

You work with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.You have been called to a remote area of Uganda to study a mysterious disease that is causing respiratory ailments in a small village.You isolate a bacterium from several patients that seems like a good candidate for the pathogen.How can you determine whether this bacterium is causing the illness?

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Question 6

You discover a new prokaryotic organism.What sorts of traits will you look for in order to determine whether it is a bacterial or an archaeal organism? (Assume you cannot sequence the genome but must use other criteria for your initial classification.)

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Question 7

A patient comes to your medical practice with a bacterial infection.You are terribly concerned because the bacteria responsible for the patient's infection produce an exotoxin.Why are exotoxins often more dangerous than endotoxins?

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Question 8

Describe how Gram staining depends on bacterial cell wall structure.Would Gram staining work for archaea?

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Question 9

A friend tells you she "hates" bacteria and declares her intention to eradicate all bacteria from her home.What do you tell her about bacteria and antibiotic resistance?

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Question 10

_______ are viruses that infect bacteria and have been used in medicine to fight bacterial infections

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Question 11

You work for a wastewater treatment plant.An organism is getting past your treatment process, and fish are dying in a stream that the runoff enters.You are able to isolate the organism.Using a microscope, how can you tell whether the organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

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The answer of You work for a wastewater treatment plant.An...

Question 12

Your research group is studying a bacterium known to produce a medically relevant biofilm.In an effort to understand how the biofilm is induced, you mutate one of the bacterium's genes (gene X) that you believe to be involved in quorum sensing.Design an experiment to determine whether gene X is involved in biofilm formation.Be sure to include the reasoning behind your experimental design in your answer.

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Question 13

Refer to the figure, which shows an organismal tree.  In the tree shown, Gene x has undergone a lateral transfer event.Draw the phylogenetic tree you would expect based on Gene x, as well as the phylogenetic tree you would expect based on a consensus of nontransferred genes.Explain your answer as well.

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Question 14

Why would a physician refuse to prescribe antibiotics for a cold or the flu?

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Question 15

Why do systematic biologists find rRNA sequence data more useful than data on metabolism or cell structure for classifying prokaryotes?

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Question 16

_______ are not cellular and must depend on cellular organisms for replication and metabolism.

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Question 17

Complete the table.

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Question 18

Because viruses have multiple evolutionary origins, they are considered to be a(n) _______ rather than a monophyletic group.

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Question 19

Kashefi and Lovley were able to grow an unnamed archaeal species at temperatures above 120°C only because they used Fe₃⁺ as an electron acceptor-no other electron acceptor they tried allowed the species to grow (see Figure 25.14A).How might you explore the same or other high-temperature environments for other hyperthermophilic organisms not detected by Kashefi and Lovley using Fe₃⁺?

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Question 20

Compare and contrast microbiomes and biofilms.

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Quiz 25: Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses