Question 1

The three functional categories of neurons that make up neural networks are _______ neurons, efferent neurons, and interneurons.

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Question 2

Giant neurons involved in the escape response of crayfish have _______ synapses, which allow rapid signal transmission.

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Question 3

In the nervous system of vertebrates, the afferent (sensory) axons in a spinal nerve enter the spinal cord via the _______ root, while the efferent (motor) axons leave through the ventral root.

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Question 4

If the permeability of K⁺ channels in a neuron cell membrane increases, the membrane potential will become _______, compared with the resting state.

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Question 5

What would be the result of damage to the region of a neuron called the axon hillock?

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Question 6

Some neurotoxins selectively destroy the axon terminals of neurons.What would be the result of such destruction?

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Question 7

In vertebrates, the sensory and effector neurons that extend or reside outside of the brain and spinal cord make up the _______.

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Question 8

The form of rapid impulse propagation found in axons that are wrapped with myelin and contain nodes of Ranvier is called _______.

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Question 9

Prozac works by slowing the reuptake of serotonin by the _______ neuron, which enhances the activity of serotonin at the synapse.

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Question 10

The specialized chemical synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells are called _______.

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Question 11

If a neuron records several postsynaptic potentials in rapid succession at the same synapse, _______ summation must occur for the neuron to fire an action potential.

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Question 12

In the neural tube of an early frog embryo, neuronal stem cells begin to divide asymmetrically.What cells result from these asymmetrical divisions?

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Question 13

A spinal reflex, such as the knee-jerk reflex, is the result of a sensory neuron synapsing with a motor neuron, which fires an action potential.The site of this conversion of afferent to efferent information is the _______.

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Question 14

Some nerve gases inhibit _______, causing acetylcholine to remain in the synaptic cleft, which causes spastic muscle contractions and death.

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Question 15

A postsynaptic neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory input on its dendrites or cell body.For the neuron to respond appropriately to the stimuli received at all of these sites, _______ summation must occur.

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Question 16

The part of the brain called the _______ would likely be relatively large in a primate that uses extractive foraging techniques (i.e., techniques that enable it to locate, retrieve, and process hidden foods).

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Question 17

Evaluate the following statement: Water-soluble drugs cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing treatment of infections of the central nervous system.

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Question 18

Action potentials cannot propagate under myelin sheaths because there are no sodium or _______ channels.

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Question 19

The neurons involved in a polysynaptic reflex such as the withdrawal reflex are an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, and _______.

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Question 20

A drug that mimics or increases the effect of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) _______.

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Quiz 44: Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems