Question 1

Andy is a middle school student who is being bullied regularly after school.He hasn't told his parents or teachers because he thinks that he should be able to control the situation by himself,which is not true.This belief will

Accepted Answer

Keeping the bullying to himself will likely increase Andy's stress level as he has to deal with it alone and without any support from parents or teachers. It may also negatively impact his mental health and well-being. It is important for Andy to speak up and seek help from trusted adults to address the bullying.

Question 2

According to Hans Selye,at which stage in the general adaptation syndrome does stress cause physical illness?

Accepted Answer

According to Hans Selye, physical illness is caused by stress in the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome. In this stage, the body has been exposed to stress for a prolonged period of time, and its resources are depleted, leading to physical and mental exhaustion and an increased risk of illness or disease.

Question 3

What are the two basic types of coping that were identified by Lazarus and Folkman?

Accepted Answer

Lazarus and Folkman identified two basic types of coping: problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Problem-focused coping involves actively dealing with the stressor itself, for example by seeking information, making a plan, or addressing the problem directly. Emotion-focused coping involves regulating the emotional response to the stressor, for example by seeking support, using relaxation techniques, or distracting oneself from the problem. Both types of coping can be adaptive or maladaptive depending on the situation.

Question 4

Stress affects ________,which fight off antigens like bacteria or viruses.

Accepted Answer

T-cells are the immune cells responsible for fighting off antigens like bacteria or viruses. Chronic stress can weaken the immune system by reducing the levels and function of T-cells, making the body more susceptible to infection and disease. Therefore, option A is the best choice as stress affects T-cells.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best automotive analogy for Walter Cannon's theory of chronic stress?

Accepted Answer

Walter Cannon's theory of chronic stress is known as the "fight or flight" response, where the body's sympathetic nervous system is activated and the body's stress response is prolonged, similar to a car's engine continuing to race instead of idling down after running fast. The other options do not accurately represent this theory.

Question 6

How could we describe the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome is a period where the body enters into a state of physiological activation, where it adapts to the stressor and tries to regain balance. The body becomes more resistant to stress, and the physiological responses that were activated during the alarm stage return to normal. This stage can last for a long time, depending on the stressor, and the body tries to stay in balance during this period, to cope with the stressor.

Question 7

Health psychologists asked newly married couples to engage in 30-minute discussions of marital problems.What did the psychologists find when they compared couples who were hostile and negative with those who had more positive conversations?

Accepted Answer

Hostile interactions were associated with immunosuppression, indicating that negative and hostile discussions can adversely affect the immune system.

Question 8

When a person's brain perceives a threat,the cortex sends a signal to the part of the brain responsible for activating the stress response known as the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for activating the stress response in the presence of a perceived threat. The cortex sends a signal to the amygdala, which then triggers the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. This response is part of the body's natural fight or flight reaction to danger. The other options (A, C, D) are not directly involved in the activation of the stress response.

Question 9

Cannon hypothesized that stress makes us more susceptible to illness because intense or chronic stress overwhelms the body's ________,a term he coined to mean the tendency to return to a steady state of normal functioning.

Accepted Answer

Cannon's concept of homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes or stressors. Stress disrupts this balance and can lead to various health problems. The other options - immunosuppression, automatic reset, and immune system - are all related to the body's immune response to stress but do not directly address the concept of homeostasis.

Question 10

Which of the following is known as the "stress hormone"?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is known as the "stress hormone" because it is released in response to stress and helps the body cope with stress by increasing blood sugar levels and suppressing the immune system. Adrenalin (A) and epinephrine (B) are both names for the same hormone, which is released in response to stress to help prepare the body for "fight or flight" response. Norepinephrine (D) is a related hormone that is also released in response to stress and works along with adrenalin/epinephrine to help prepare the body for action.

Question 11

What field investigates the relation between stress and immune function?

Accepted Answer

The field that investigates the relation between stress and immune function is psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best automotive analogy for Han Selye's theory of chronic stress?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the best...

Question 13

Which of the following are likely to occur during the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

During fight-or-flight response, the body prepares itself for physical activity or to escape a perceived threat. This includes increasing respiration to take in more oxygen, raising blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow to muscles, and dilating pupils to improve vision and reaction time.

Question 14

Lucas is feeling increasingly stressed because a coworker has been belittling his contributions and spreading gossip behind his back ever since he declined her offer to go out for drinks after work.Which of the following behaviors is an example of Lucas's problem-focused coping?

Accepted Answer

Making an appointment with the Human Resources office to file a harassment complaint is an example of problem-focused coping, as it directly addresses the stressful situation and attempts to find a solution.

Question 15

What are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Accepted Answer

The stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. During the alarm stage, the body responds to a stressor with the fight-or-flight response. During the resistance stage, the body tries to adapt to and cope with the stressor. If the stressor persists, the body enters the exhaustion stage, where it becomes depleted and vulnerable to illness and disease.

Question 16

What do we call substances like bacteria that invade the body?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are substances that are capable of inducing an immune response in the body, including bacteria that invade the body. Allergens are substances that cause allergic reactions and are not necessarily invaders like bacteria. Immuno-agents and anti-infectious agents may refer to a broader range of substances that can stimulate or affect the immune response, rather than specifically referring to bacteria.

Question 17

Which best describes the current thinking about stress response and the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that short-term stressors, such as acute stress or exercise, trigger an enhanced immune response that is quick to respond to potential threats. However, chronic stressors, such as ongoing work stress or caregiving responsibilities, can lead to immunosuppression and decreased immune function over time. Therefore, short-term stressors can enhance the immune system while chronic stressors impair it.

Question 18

Canadian physiologist Hans Selye developed the concept of the _________,which consists of three stages: alarm,resistance,and exhaustion.

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye developed the concept of the general adaptation syndrome, which consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Question 19

Marcus is explaining Hans Selye's concept of stress to the class.He correctly states that the first stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome is

Accepted Answer

The first stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome is the alarm stage, which is the body's immediate and initial reaction to a stressor, involving the mobilization of the body's resources to respond to the threat.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes emotion-focused coping?

Accepted Answer

Emotion-focused coping involves attempting to alter one's internal distress or emotions surrounding a stressor, rather than trying to change the stressor itself or its external effects. Examples of emotion-focused coping strategies may include mindfulness meditation, talking to a friend about one's feelings, or engaging in a hobby that brings a sense of calm or pleasure.

Quiz 8: Stress and Physical Health