Question 1

Safia's social network is very small, but within this network she has deeply positive and meaningful interactions with her friends. This describes the concept of social:
A) facilitation
B) integration
C) conformity
D) harvest

Accepted Answer

The concept of social integration refers to the level of connection and involvement an individual has with their social network. In this scenario, Safia's network may be small, but her interactions are positive and meaningful, indicating a high level of integration. Social facilitation refers to the potential for an individual to perform better on a task in the presence of others. Conformity refers to the tendency for individuals to adjust their behavior or beliefs to fit in with a group. Harvesting refers to the process of obtaining a yield from a crop or other resource. None of these concepts accurately describe Safia's situation of having a small yet deeply enriching social network.

Question 2

Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?
A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking...

Question 3

Serena goes to see a psychologist who specializes in helping people with mild depression. Serena expresses that she would like to feel "happier." Which of the following activities should elevate Serena's mood, at least for a few weeks?
A) asking for a promotion at work
B) making one new friend a day for a month or more
C) writing a letter to someone expressing both positive and negative feelings about past events
D) expressing gratitude to someone who has helped her

Accepted Answer

Expressing gratitude has been shown to increase happiness and positive emotions. Option A may cause stress or disappointment if the promotion is not granted. Option B may cause social pressure and anxiety. Option C may bring up negative emotions and memories that could worsen Serena's mood.

Question 4

Dr. Zakaria, a young faculty member at XYZ University, is interested in how personal characteristics like hopefulness, trustworthiness, and kindness affect self-perceived happiness. Dr. Zakaria is most likely a:
A) cognitive psychologist
B) positive psychologist
C) psychoanalyst
D) humanistic psychologist

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on aspects of human functioning such as happiness, well-being, and optimism. A researcher who is interested in studying factors that contribute to happiness, like hopefulness, trustworthiness, and kindness, fits within the field of positive psychology. Therefore, Dr. Zakaria is most likely a positive psychologist. Cognitive psychology (A) focuses on mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. Psychoanalysis (C) is a therapy that aims to bring repressed feelings and thoughts to conscious awareness. Humanistic psychology (D) emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for growth and self-actualization. Although kindness, trustworthiness, and hopefulness are valued traits in humanistic psychology, the focus is on the individuals themselves, rather than how these traits contribute to their happiness.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT characterized as one of the three components of happiness?
A) being acknowledged by others as a successful person
B) having meaning in life
C) having positive emotions and pleasure
D) being engaged in life

Accepted Answer

Being acknowledged by others as a successful person is not one of the three components of happiness identified by research. The three components are having meaning in life, experiencing positive emotions and pleasure, and being engaged in life.

Question 6

In the United States, which of the following groups are most likely to exercise regularly?
A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) African Americans

Accepted Answer

European Americans have been found to have higher rates of regular exercise compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 7

Based on what you know about the prevalence rates of smoking, where would you expect to find the most lung cancer deaths in the next 20 years?
A) urban cities in Canada
B) rural communities in Canada
C) China
D) France

Accepted Answer

China has the highest smoking prevalence rates in the world, with over 300 million smokers. The high prevalence rates of smoking are likely to result in the most lung cancer deaths in the next 20 years. Urban cities in Canada and France, while having moderate smoking rates, have stricter tobacco control policies, which may lead to lower lung cancer death rates. Rural communities in Canada have lower smoking rates than urban areas, but the population is generally smaller, which may result in fewer lung cancer deaths overall.

Question 8

Kristine's frequent drug use has resulted in some short- and long-term memory impairment. Now that Kristine has quit using drugs, which of the following should her doctor recommend to help Kristine enhance her memory functioning?
A) prayer and meditation
B) exercise
C) social support
D) increasing her self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to improve memory functioning, even in individuals who have experienced cognitive impairment due to drug use. While prayer, meditation, social support, and increasing self-esteem may have other benefits, they have not been specifically linked to enhancing memory function.

Question 9

Mohamed is experiencing a large amount of work stress lately, but his co-workers are helping him cope with the stress by encouraging him and telling him how much they appreciate his hard work. This is a good example of:
A) hardy friendships
B) the social networking hypothesis
C) positive stress
D) the buffering hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The co-workers providing emotional support to Mohamed is an example of the buffering hypothesis, which suggests that social support can help individuals cope with stress and prevent negative outcomes associated with stress.

Question 10

Niesha has had a cut on her hand which hasn't healed in weeks. According to evidence presented in the text, what can she do to increase her skin's own healing?
A) eat less fat and sugar
B) increase the number of hours she spends in prayer
C) do aerobic exercise regularly
D) practice Zen meditation

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase blood flow to the skin, which can aid in the healing process by delivering necessary nutrients and oxygen to the affected area. Eating a balanced diet (which may or may not involve reducing fat and sugar intake) can also support overall health, including skin health, but it may not directly speed up the healing process. Prayer and meditation can have many benefits, but there is no direct evidence linking them to increased skin healing.

Question 11

According to the results of one study, ____________ are most likely to exercise regularly, which suggests that exercise may be a(n) ____________ activity.
A) African Americans; acculturated
B) African Americans; non-acculturated
C) European Americans; acculturated
D) European Americans; non-acculturated

Accepted Answer

European Americans are often found to exercise regularly, suggesting that exercise is an acculturated activity in Western societies.

Question 12

Researchers who consider themselves to be part of the positive psychology movement would look to which of the following well-known, classical psychologists as a role model?
A) Hans Selye
B) Abraham Maslow
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is based on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to build what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play. One of the founders of positive psychology is Abraham Maslow, who is well-known for his hierarchy of needs and his emphasis on self-actualization.

Question 13

The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to:
A) promote positive change in society, such as advocating for peace
B) convince people that they have much in life to be grateful for
C) study and understand what makes people happy
D) train people to become positive and more effective leaders

Accepted Answer

The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to study and understand what makes people happy. While promoting positive change in society and training people to become positive and effective leaders are potential outcomes of this understanding, they are not the central goal of the movement. Similarly, while gratitude is a key component of many positive psychology interventions, promoting gratitude is not the central goal of the movement.

Question 14

If Aimee wants to increase her lifespan by a few years, which of the following pieces of advice is recommended?
A) Pamper yourself.
B) Increase your social support network.
C) Spend more time interacting with nature.
D) Spend more time on hobbies.

Accepted Answer

Increasing social support has been shown to have a positive impact on lifespan. Pampering oneself and spending more time on hobbies may improve overall happiness but there is no direct evidence that it increases lifespan. While spending time in nature can be beneficial for mental health, it is not a clear factor in increasing lifespan.

Question 15

Which of the following is an effect of chronic smoking?
A) liver failure
B) immune disorders
C) heart disease
D) brain tumours

Accepted Answer

Chronic smoking is a major risk factor for the development of heart disease, as it damages the lining of blood vessels and leads to the formation of fatty deposits that can cause blockages. Smoking cessation is important for reducing the risk of heart disease.

Choice A is incorrect because chronic smoking is not a leading cause of liver failure. Choice B is incorrect because although smoking can suppress immune function, it is not typically associated with immune disorders. Choice D is incorrect because while smoking is a risk factor for a number of cancers, including lung cancer, it is not a common cause of brain tumors.

Question 16

Fewer colds and flus, a better functioning immune system, and reduced risk of serious diseases like heart disease, can be expected from which of the following?
A) increasing the positive emotions one experiences
B) decreasing the number of people in one's social network
C) being single versus married
D) increasing one's social and work responsibilities

Accepted Answer

Increasing positive emotions has been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing the likelihood of getting sick and improving immune function.

Answer: B, C, D are incorrect 
 Decreasing the number of people in one's social network, being single versus married, and increasing social and work responsibilities have not been consistently shown to have significant effects on the immune system or risk of disease.

Question 17

People who are overweight sometimes experience terrible social stigma. In what area of the world would social stigma about being overweight be less severe or even absent?
A) some countries in Western Europe
B) some countries in Africa
C) the North America
D) in any country where food is abundant

Accepted Answer

In some African countries, being overweight is not stigmatized as much as it is in other parts of the world. In fact, in some cultures, being overweight is seen as a sign of wealth and prosperity. However, it's important to note that this is not true for all African countries and cultures, and there may still be some level of stigma present in some areas.

Question 18

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition. Which of the following should Milo do to increase his brain volume?
A) reduce the number of hours he watches television
B) go on a vegetarian diet
C) do prayer or meditation
D) exercise

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to increase brain volume and improve cognitive function. While reducing television watching, following a vegetarian diet, and doing prayer or meditation may have other health benefits, they have not been directly linked to increasing brain volume.

Question 19

Dora is a moderately obese woman with a full figure. However, Dora is NOT confronted with social stigma about being overweight. On the contrary, she is often complemented on how attractive she is. Dora:
A) is probably a hardy person
B) probably lives in a developing country
C) will nevertheless experience some negative psychological symptoms that are caused by her weight
D) will experience a lack of congruent self-concept

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dora is a moderately obese woman with...

Question 20

Adam has been reading the research literature in positive psychology, and has recently decided to write a letter of thanks to his grandfather whom he greatly admires. What should happen after Adam writes and delivers this letter?
A) He will experience an increase in his level of happiness.
B) He will start to engage in downward comparisons.
C) He will experience an increase in testosterone.
D) He will slightly increase activity in his amygdala.

Accepted Answer

Research in positive psychology has shown that expressing gratitude and appreciation towards others can result in an increase in one's level of happiness and well-being. Therefore, it is likely that after writing and delivering the letter to his grandfather, Adam will experience an increase in his level of happiness.

Quiz 10: Health and Well-Being

Safia's social network is very small, but within this network she has deeply positive and meaningful interactions with her friends. This describes the concept of social:

Approximately how many teenagers who start smoking will continue smoking into adulthood?

Serena goes to see a psychologist who specializes in helping people with mild depression. Serena expresses that she would like to feel "happier." Which of the following activities should elevate Serena's mood, at least for a few weeks?

Dr. Zakaria, a young faculty member at XYZ University, is interested in how personal characteristics like hopefulness, trustworthiness, and kindness affect self-perceived happiness. Dr. Zakaria is most likely a:

Which of the following is NOT characterized as one of the three components of happiness?

In the United States, which of the following groups are most likely to exercise regularly?

Based on what you know about the prevalence rates of smoking, where would you expect to find the most lung cancer deaths in the next 20 years?

Kristine's frequent drug use has resulted in some short- and long-term memory impairment. Now that Kristine has quit using drugs, which of the following should her doctor recommend to help Kristine enhance her memory functioning?

Mohamed is experiencing a large amount of work stress lately, but his co-workers are helping him cope with the stress by encouraging him and telling him how much they appreciate his hard work. This is a good example of:

Niesha has had a cut on her hand which hasn't healed in weeks. According to evidence presented in the text, what can she do to increase her skin's own healing?

According to the results of one study, are most likely to exercise regularly, which suggests that exercise may be a(n) activity.

Researchers who consider themselves to be part of the positive psychology movement would look to which of the following well-known, classical psychologists as a role model?

The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to:

If Aimee wants to increase her lifespan by a few years, which of the following pieces of advice is recommended?

Which of the following is an effect of chronic smoking?

Fewer colds and flus, a better functioning immune system, and reduced risk of serious diseases like heart disease, can be expected from which of the following?

People who are overweight sometimes experience terrible social stigma. In what area of the world would social stigma about being overweight be less severe or even absent?

Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition. Which of the following should Milo do to increase his brain volume?

Dora is a moderately obese woman with a full figure. However, Dora is NOT confronted with social stigma about being overweight. On the contrary, she is often complemented on how attractive she is. Dora:

Adam has been reading the research literature in positive psychology, and has recently decided to write a letter of thanks to his grandfather whom he greatly admires. What should happen after Adam writes and delivers this letter?