Question 1

How are moods different from emotions?

Accepted Answer

Moods are typically longer-lasting than emotions and can persist for several days or even weeks, while emotions are typically shorter-lived and tend to be tied more closely to specific triggering events.

Question 2

Which statement is consistent with Charles Darwin's view of emotions?

Accepted Answer

Darwin believed that emotions have a universal evolutionary origin and that children show similar patterns of emotional responses across cultures.

Question 3

According to Charles Darwin,which statement about emotions is true?

Accepted Answer

According to Charles Darwin's theory of emotions, emotions have evolved to deal with recurring situations in the world, such as fear in response to danger or anger in response to trespass. He believed that emotions have adaptive functions and help organisms adapt to their environment.

Question 4

In his work on facial expressions,what did Paul Ekman discover?

Accepted Answer

Paul Ekman discovered that a set of emotional expressions is universal to the human species, meaning certain facial expressions are recognized and used to express specific emotions regardless of culture or language. This finding supports Darwin's original view of emotion.

Question 5

According to Paul Ekman's neuro-cultural theory of emotions,which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Paul Ekman's neuro-cultural theory of emotions suggests that emotions are shaped by both evolution and culture. While certain emotions may have developed in response to evolutionary needs, cultural norms may also influence which emotions are expressed and how they are expressed. Therefore, emotions reflect the joint contributions of both evolution and culture. Option A is not accurate since it ignores the role of culture in the development of emotions. Option B is inaccurate since it suggests that similarities in emotional expressions are solely based on brain similarities without considering cultural influences. Option D is also inaccurate since biological mechanisms that control emotions are present in both adults and children, and both can be influenced by both evolution and culture.

Question 6

When a grandfather smiles at his infant granddaughter,she responds by moving toward him.If he looks angry,what is she likely to do?

Accepted Answer

Infants are sensitive to facial expressions and can usually interpret them correctly. If the grandfather looks angry, the granddaughter may interpret it as a threat and move away for safety.

Question 7

A four-month-old baby is participating in an experiment in which he is repeatedly shown the photograph of a man frowning.After repeated exposures to this photograph,he loses interest.If the baby is like other infants who respond in similar situations,when a new photograph showing a man smiling is presented,what will he do?

Accepted Answer

Based on the experiment described in the passage, the baby is likely to show renewed interest in the new photograph showing a man smiling. Infants often become habituated to a stimulus after repeated exposures and show renewed interest in a new stimulus, especially if it is different from the previous one. Therefore, choice D, showing renewed interest, is the best answer.

Question 8

A study reported in the textbook demonstrated the contrast between American and Japanese beliefs about behavioural displays for pain.Participants in both cultures completed the Appropriate Pain Behavior Questionnaire (APBQ).What did the results reveal?

Accepted Answer

The results of the study revealed that Japanese participants provided lower scores on the APBQ, indicating less approval for open emotional expressions of pain compared to American participants. This suggests that cultural beliefs play a role in determining what is considered appropriate or acceptable behavior in terms of pain expression.

Question 9

What did Silvan Tompkins' studies on the emotional responses of human infants indicate?

Accepted Answer

Silvan Tompkins' studies suggested that infants are "prewired" to respond emotionally to certain stimuli. This means that even at a young age, infants have innate emotional responses to specific things such as fear of loud noises or a preference for sweet tastes.

Question 10

The textbook describes a cross-cultural experiment in which the wrists of Chinese,Japanese,and American infants were grasped and held immobile to elicit anger responses.To elicit fear responses,the infants were presented with a loud disembodied toy gorilla head whose eyes lit up.What did this study reveal?

Accepted Answer

The study revealed that infants from all three countries produced similar behavioral responses, indicating that basic emotional expressions such as anger and fear are universal across different cultures.

Question 11

The textbook presents an anecdote dealing with the Wolof people of Senegal.The incident that is described involves the apparent suicide of a woman and the emotional response of the onlookers.What is the point of the anecdote?

Accepted Answer

The anecdote highlights the cultural norms for expressing emotions in the Wolof community. The onlookers' responses to the woman's suicide demonstrate how their expression of emotion is shaped by cultural values and beliefs.

Question 12

In a cross-cultural study of facial expressions described in the textbook,members of the Fore culture had difficulty distinguishing between two emotions.What are these two emotions?

Accepted Answer

The Fore culture had difficulty distinguishing between fear and surprise, as they perceived them as very similar emotions. This is in contrast to Western cultures, where fear and surprise are generally differentiated easily.

Question 13

In his book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals,what position does Charles Darwin take with respect to emotions?

Accepted Answer

In The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, Darwin argues that emotions evolved over time through natural selection, serving adaptive functions for survival and reproduction. Therefore, he believed that emotions are not learned behaviors or maladaptive, but rather an inherent aspect of human and animal biology.

Question 14

In the context of emotion,what does the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands accomplish?

Accepted Answer

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands prepares the body for potential danger by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and mobilizing glucose and fatty acids for energy. This is part of the fight or flight response and helps the body to respond quickly and efficiently to a perceived threat.

Question 15

Based on Paul Ekman's view of emotional expressions,what should one conclude?

Accepted Answer

According to Paul Ekman's view of emotional expressions, there are seven basic emotional expressions, namely, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and contempt. Ekman's theory builds upon Darwin's theory of emotions and suggests that these expressions are universal across cultures and are biologically based. Therefore, option A and B are incorrect, and option C is not entirely accurate as not all species may express emotions in the same way as humans.

Question 16

Larry wants to travel widely,but his grasp of foreign languages is minimal.He asks his friend,Joshua if people from other cultures will be able to recognize when he is happy,sad,or angry,just from his facial expressions.How should Joshua respond?

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions for basic emotions like happiness, sadness, and anger are universal across cultures. Research has shown that people from different cultures can accurately identify these emotions just by looking at the facial expressions. However, it's important to note that cultural norms, values, and beliefs may impact the intensity or display of these emotions, but the basic emotions themselves can still be recognized.

Question 17

In an incident described in the textbook,one of the authors was attending the funeral of an American friend of Syrian descent.Whenever a visitor would enter the funeral parlor,a group of women would shriek and wail.Why did the women respond in this manner?

Accepted Answer

In some cultures, it is customary to hire mourners to express strong emotions at funerals to honor the deceased.

Question 18

Under which condition are both divisions of the autonomic nervous system most likely to be involved in preparing the body for emotional responses?

Accepted Answer

Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are most likely to be involved in preparing the body for emotional responses when the arousing stimulation is intense. This is because intense emotional responses require a significant physiological response, which is regulated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. When arousal is mild, only one division may be involved, while in the case of pleasant or unpleasant stimulation, the involvement of both divisions is less predictable.

Question 19

The operation of the autonomic nervous system during emotional responses is complex.What type of stimulation renders the parasympathetic division more active?

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic division is responsible for regulating the body at rest and is more active during mild, pleasant stimuli. This is indicated by the “rest and digest” response.

Question 20

Accordiing to a study described in the textbook,what shapes Japanese individuals' views of acceptable behavioural displays of pain?

Accepted Answer

The study described in the textbook found that traditional stoicism shapes Japanese individuals' views of acceptable behavioral displays of pain. This cultural value emphasizes the importance of self-restraint, emotional control, and not burdening others with one's problems.

Quiz 13: A: Emotion,stress,and Health