Question 1

The structure that serves as our biological clock is:

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is located in the hypothalamus and is considered the master biological clock in mammals. It coordinates and regulates various physiological and behavioral functions, including the sleep-wake cycle, based on environmental cues such as light and darkness. While the heart has pace-maker cells, they are not involved in regulating our circadian rhythm. The pituitary gland is involved in regulating hormone secretion but not in maintaining our biological clock. The pineal gland produces melatonin, which is involved in regulating sleep, but the SCN is considered the primary regulator of our circadian rhythm.

Question 2

Biological rhythm is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Biological rhythm refers to a periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system. This can include circadian rhythms (occurring roughly every 24 hours), ultradian rhythms (occurring more than once a day), and infradian rhythms (occurring less frequently than once a day).

Question 3

A biological clock,located in a teardrop-shaped cluster of cells in the _______________,controls circadian rhythm.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus contains a teardrop-shaped cluster of cells called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which serves as the biological clock and controls circadian rhythm. A, B, and C are not correct because they do not have a direct role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm.

Question 4

____________ reflect the adaptation of organisms to the many changes associated with the rotation of the earth on its axis.

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that occur over a 24-hour period and are synchronized with environmental cues, such as the light/dark cycle of the earth's rotation. These rhythms reflect the adaptation of organisms to the changes associated with the rotation of the earth on its axis. Endogenous rhythms, hormonal rhythms, and external rhythms are all related to biological processes in organisms, but they do not specifically reflect the adaptation to the earth's rotation.

Question 5

When we say that biological rhythms are endogenous,we mean that:

Accepted Answer

Endogenous means that the biological rhythms are generated by an internal biological clock, rather than being influenced by external factors or an individual's experience.

Question 6

.Circadian rhythms are controlled by a biological clock,located in a teardrop-shaped cluster of cells in the:

Accepted Answer

The biological clock that controls circadian rhythms is located in the hypothalamus, specifically in a region called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The hypothalamus is a brain structure located near the base of the brain that is involved in regulating many important bodily functions, including sleep, hunger, and thirst. The thalamus is also a brain structure located in the middle of the brain, but it is not directly involved in regulating circadian rhythms. The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and is not involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. The occipital lobe is a region of the brain involved in visual processing and is not directly involved in controlling circadian rhythms.

Question 7

_______________ is a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring.

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of mood disorder that results in depression during the winter months and an improvement of mood during the spring and summer months. It is a controversial disorder because some experts question whether it is a distinct disorder or simply a subtype of major depressive disorder.

Question 8

Jet lag is also called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jet lag is also called:
...

Question 9

Kiyoshi planned to take over-the-counter melatonin supplements in order to restore the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle that was typical before she began college.After reading her psychology textbook,Kiyoshi decided that:

Accepted Answer

The long-term safety of melatonin supplements is not well-established, so it is advisable to refrain from taking them without further research or medical advice.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate according to studies of internal desynchronization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is NOT...

Question 11

Circadian rhythm is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm is defined as a biological fluctuation that lasts for approximately 24 hours from peak to peak. This rhythm is found in many biological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolic activity. It is regulated by internal biological clocks and can also be synchronized by external cues such as light and darkness.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT true about biological rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Changes in our sleep schedule, such as working at night, can disrupt not only the sleep-wake cycle but also other circadian rhythms, such as the temperature and hormone cycles. Therefore, statement B is not true.

Question 13

Melatonin treatments have been useful in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Melatonin treatments have been found to help regulate sleep-wake cycles in individuals who are blind and lack light perception. This is because melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in response to changing light levels and helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. In individuals who are blind and lack light perception, their body may not be producing enough melatonin at the appropriate times, leading to disrupted sleep patterns. Melatonin supplementation has been found to improve the sleep-wake cycle in these individuals.

Question 14

When people live in an environment free of any time cues and are allowed to sleep,eat,and work whenever they want,they typically follow a:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that in an environment free of time cues, most people exhibit a natural circadian rhythm of approximately 24.3 hours, meaning they tend to sleep, eat, and work about 24 hours and 15 minutes each day. Options A, B, and D are not supported by research.

Question 15

Although the most common biological rhythms people experience are circadian:

Accepted Answer

Humans experience both longer rhythms, such as menstrual cycles or seasonal affective disorder, and shorter rhythms, such as 90-minute ultradian cycles or the sleep cycle.

Question 16

Melatonin is:

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted largely during hours of darkness, specifically in response to the lack of light.

Question 17

Because of genetics:

Accepted Answer

Genetics play a role in determining one's preference for being a morning person (early bird) or a night person (night owl). This preference is related to an individual's circadian rhythm, which is the body's internal clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to be morning people, while others may have a genetic predisposition to be night people.

Question 18

The use of bright lights to "reset" the biological clock:

Accepted Answer

Bright lights have been shown to effectively reset the biological clock in controlled laboratory settings, but the results are not always as successful in real-world situations due to various environmental and lifestyle factors.

Question 19

_______________,a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms,is secreted by the pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, specifically the sleep-wake cycle. It is produced and secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness and suppressed by light.

Question 20

When researchers have tested the accuracy of biorhythm charts by examining occupational accidents in light of the charts' predictions,they have found the charts:

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found no evidence to support the claims made by biorhythm charts, and therefore conclude that they are useless.

Quiz 5: Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States