A grievance is said to have moved from the informal to the formal stage when a third party arbitrator is consulted to resolve the grievance.

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A grievance is said to have moved from the informal to the formal stage when it is presented in writing to management. The formal stage involves a formal grievance hearing or meeting with management, and may involve a union representative. If the grievance is not resolved at this stage, it may then proceed to arbitration or another form of external dispute resolution, but this does not necessarily mean that it has moved from informal to formal.

A Grievance Is Said to Have Moved from the Informal