Question 1

When analyzing the correlation illustrated on a scattergram,the closer the approximation of a straight line,the nearer the correlation is to which of the following?
A)+1.00
B)0
C)+.50
D)-.50

Accepted Answer

When the scattergram has a close approximation to a straight line, the correlation is a strong relationship between the two variables, indicating a perfect positive correlation. This means that the correlation coefficient is close to +1.00, indicating a direct relationship between the two variables.

Question 2

When a preschool test is needed to determine how students will perform in reading,it is important that the test have good predictive reliability.

Accepted Answer

Predictive reliability refers to how accurately a test can predict future performance. Therefore, it is important for a preschool test to have good predictive reliability when determining how students will perform in reading.

Question 3

The validity of a test should be determined by how consistent the results are over time.

Accepted Answer

The consistency of test results over time refers to the test's reliability, not its validity. Validity is about whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Question 4

As long as a test has good validity,the reliability is not important.

Accepted Answer

Both validity and reliability are important in testing. Validity ensures that the test measures what it is intended to measure, while reliability ensures that the test produces consistent results. A test can be valid but not reliable, or reliable but not valid. Therefore, both validity and reliability should be considered when evaluating the quality of a test.

Question 5

Standard error of measurement is used to determine confidence intervals.

Accepted Answer

Standard error of measurement is used to estimate the true score and determine a range of scores within which the true score is likely to fall with a certain degree of confidence. This range is expressed as a confidence interval.

Question 6

When a test measures what it was designed to measure and what it purports to measure,this test is said to be reliable.

Accepted Answer

A test that measures what it was designed to measure and what it purports to measure is said to be valid, not reliable. Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure.

Question 7

Some of the variables of content validity that may influence the manner in which results are obtained and can contribute to bias in testing include presentation format and response mode

Accepted Answer

Presentation format and response mode can influence the results obtained and introduce bias in testing, which affects content validity.

Question 8

Which of the following is not used to measure internal consistency?
A)Kuder-Richardson-20
B)coefficient alpha
C)split-half reliability
D)interrater reliability

Accepted Answer

Interrater reliability is a measure of agreement between two or more raters or observers, and is not used to measure internal consistency. The other options (Kuder-Richardson-20, coefficient alpha, and split-half reliability) are commonly used measures of internal consistency.

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the consistency of scores on a specific instrument across time or across items?
A)test variability
B)test validity
C)test error
D)test reliability

Accepted Answer

Test reliability refers to the consistency of scores on a specific instrument across time or across items. Test variability refers to the amount of spread or dispersion of scores within a sample. Test validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Test error refers to the degree to which random factors influence test scores.

Question 10

A teacher who administers a wide range achievement test in reading (i.e. ,WRAT)is able to take the score obtained and generalize it across all of the individual domains/skills of reading.

Accepted Answer

The WRAT specifically measures skills in reading comprehension, word reading, and spelling, but it does not provide detailed information about specific domains or skills within those areas. Therefore, it is not possible to generalize the score across all individual domains and skills of reading.

Question 11

Which of the following may be determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores?
A)standard error
B)reliability
C)deviation
D)percentiles

Accepted Answer

Reliability can be determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores, such as test-retest reliability or inter-rater reliability. Standard error, deviation, and percentiles are not directly determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores.

Question 12

A correlation of +.88 represents a strong negative correlation.

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of +.88 represents a strong positive correlation, not a strong negative correlation. A strong negative correlation has a correlation coefficient of -1.

Question 13

When attempting to analyze error using estimated true score,the estimated score will be closer to the group mean than the obtained score.

Accepted Answer

This is because estimated true score takes into account the variability of scores within a group and thus is less affected by random error compared to the obtained score.

Question 14

The term used to ensure that a psychological trait,personality trait,psychological concept,attribute or theoretical characteristic is measured by an instrument.
A)construct validity
B)determined by the purpose of the assessment
C)determined by the examiner according to the criterion
D)test-retest reliability

Accepted Answer

Construct validity refers to the extent to which a measurement tool accurately measures the specific psychological construct it is intended to measure. It is used to ensure that the concept or trait being measured is accurately and consistently captured by the instrument. Factors such as the instrument's content, the relationships between the items on the test, and the correlation with other measures of the same construct are all considered in establishing construct validity.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between reliability and standard error of measurement?
A)In general,the higher the reliability,the higher the standard error of measurement.
B)In general,the higher the reliability,the lower the standard error of measurement.
C)There is no way to determine a consistent relationship between the two,most of the time.
D)There is a positive correlation between the standard deviation and the standard error of measurement as well as reliability.

Accepted Answer

There is an inverse relationship between reliability and standard error of measurement. This means that as reliability increases, the standard error of measurement decreases.

Question 16

Generally,when tests measure constructs that are affected by developmental changes,the reliability may not be as good for very young ages.

Accepted Answer

This is because young children's abilities and behaviors are still developing, and they may not consistently demonstrate the same level of proficiency in a task over time. As a result, the reliability of a test measuring a particular construct may improve as children get older and more stable in their abilities.

Question 17

When a teacher gives a test to students on one occasion,repeats the exam on the same students at a later date,and then correlates the scores,the teacher is demonstrating interest in determining which of the following?
A)split-half reliability
B)face validity
C)construct validity
D)test-retest reliability

Accepted Answer

The teacher is repeating the same test with the same group of students at a later date, which indicates that the teacher is interested in determining the test-retest reliability. Test-retest reliability refers to the consistency of scores obtained by the same individuals on the same measure across different testing occasions.

Question 18

Which type of reliability study may yield a lower coefficient,before correction,due to the reduced number of items?
A)split-half reliability
B)interrater reliability
C)coefficient alpha
D)Kuder-Richardson-20

Accepted Answer

Split-half reliability involves dividing a test into two equal halves and comparing the scores. This method may yield a lower coefficient before correction because reducing the number of items in half potentially decreases the test's reliability.

Question 19

Measures of internal reliability are used to determine which of the following?
A)The stability of a trait over time.
B)The stability of a trait across different groups.
C)Consistency of items on an instrument to measure a skill,trait or domain.
D)Consistency of scoring by various examiners.

Accepted Answer

Measures of internal reliability are used to determine the consistency of items on an instrument to measure a skill, trait or domain. This involves assessing the degree to which different items designed to measure the same construct provide consistent results.

Question 20

The scores obtained by Dr.Smith on a psychology test were compared and it was determined that students who scored high on the first exam tended to score high on the second exam.Which of the following represents the probable correlation between the two sets of scores?
A)no correlation
B)positive correlation
C)negative correlation
D)valid correlation

Accepted Answer

The statement indicates that there is a tendency for students who scored high on the first exam to score high on the second exam. This suggests a positive correlation between the two sets of scores.

Quiz 4: Reliability and Validity

When analyzing the correlation illustrated on a scattergram,the closer the approximation of a straight line,the nearer the correlation is to which of the following?

When a preschool test is needed to determine how students will perform in reading,it is important that the test have good predictive reliability.

The validity of a test should be determined by how consistent the results are over time.

As long as a test has good validity,the reliability is not important.

Standard error of measurement is used to determine confidence intervals.

When a test measures what it was designed to measure and what it purports to measure,this test is said to be reliable.

Some of the variables of content validity that may influence the manner in which results are obtained and can contribute to bias in testing include presentation format and response mode

Which of the following is not used to measure internal consistency?

Which of the following refers to the consistency of scores on a specific instrument across time or across items?

A teacher who administers a wide range achievement test in reading (i.e. ,WRAT)is able to take the score obtained and generalize it across all of the individual domains/skills of reading.

Which of the following may be determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores?

A correlation of +.88 represents a strong negative correlation.

When attempting to analyze error using estimated true score,the estimated score will be closer to the group mean than the obtained score.

The term used to ensure that a psychological trait,personality trait,psychological concept,attribute or theoretical characteristic is measured by an instrument.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between reliability and standard error of measurement?

Generally,when tests measure constructs that are affected by developmental changes,the reliability may not be as good for very young ages.

When a teacher gives a test to students on one occasion,repeats the exam on the same students at a later date,and then correlates the scores,the teacher is demonstrating interest in determining which of the following?

Which type of reliability study may yield a lower coefficient,before correction,due to the reduced number of items?

Measures of internal reliability are used to determine which of the following?

The scores obtained by Dr.Smith on a psychology test were compared and it was determined that students who scored high on the first exam tended to score high on the second exam.Which of the following represents the probable correlation between the two sets of scores?