Question 1

The average 10-year-old child has an IQ of ______; and the average 50-year-old adult has an IQ of_______:

Accepted Answer

By definition, the average IQ for people of any age is 100. IQ averages do not vary by age.

Question 2

About what percent of the U. S. population would have IQ scores that would fall between 85 and 115?

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have a bell-shaped distribution, with the majority of scores falling within one standard deviation (15 points) of the mean score of 100. This means that approximately 68% of the population would have IQ scores between 85 and 115.

Question 3

The major advantage of using the ratio method of computing IQ, rather than reporting only a child's mental age, is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reporting only mental age does not provide any information about chronological age, thus there is no basis for comparing a child to same-age peers. For example, two children who have a mental age of 9 might be the same age or might be of very different ages. The IQ method converts mental age by dividing it by chronological age. Therefore, IQ allows for comparisons of same-age children with respect to intelligence (as measured by their mental ages). For example, if two 9-year-olds have IQs of 90 and 100, respectively, we know that the child with the higher IQ scored higher relative to his age-peers than did the child with the IQ of 90.

Question 4

The text discusses a study in which African American families in poor neighborhoods were given a chance to move to a better neighborhood. The results of this study emphasize the importance of what factor(s) as a determinant of school achievement and test performance?

Accepted Answer

The results of this study demonstrate that moving to a better neighborhood with better schools led to students' improvement in completing homework, attendance, and achievement test scores. Thus, socioeconomic factors do make a difference. No discussion of racial factors, one- versus two-parent families, or teacher preparation was presented in the context of this study.

Question 5

Which of the following abilities would Robert Sternberg view as being especially important?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg emphasized the role of practical intelligence over the other skills, which all fit into his concept of componential intelligence - what is typically measured in an intelligence test.

Question 6

About 96% of the general U.S. population score between IQs of:

Accepted Answer

The IQ scores of 70 to 130 encompass approximately 96% of the general U.S. population, as this range represents two standard deviations from the mean in a normal distribution.

Question 7

Which of the following types of intelligence did Robert Sternberg view as being particularly important?

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg emphasized the importance of practical intelligence, which he defined as the ability to adapt to and shape one's environment. While logico-mathematical intelligence and spatial intelligence are important, Sternberg viewed practical intelligence as particularly key to real-world success. Psychomotor intelligence relates to physical abilities such as coordination and dexterity, which are not directly related to Sternberg's theory of intelligence.

Question 8

The text discusses research about Southeast Asian immigrant families. The results of this study suggest that which of the following factors is important in determining children's IQs?

Accepted Answer

Despite poor economic circumstances, problems with language, ethnic status, and substandard educational opportunities, children in these families performed well in school and on standardized tests. The most likely explanation is that the families emphasized educational achievement and success and made accommodations so children would spend time on school work.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a type of intelligence as defined by Sternberg's three-part theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's three-part theory of intelligence includes contextual (practical), componential (analytical), and experiential (creative) intelligence, but not spatial intelligence.

Question 10

The text discusses a study in which African American families in poor neighborhoods were given a chance to move to a better neighborhood. In comparison to children whose families moved instead to another poor neighborhood, the children in families who moved to a better neighborhood:

Accepted Answer

The text states that the children in families who moved to a better neighborhood had "higher achievement test scores" in comparison to those who moved to another poor neighborhood. Therefore, D is the correct choice.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's eight types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Charismatic is not one of Gardner's eight types of intelligence. The eight types are linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

Question 12

Generalizing from the text's discussion about the distribution of intelligence in the population, about what percept of the population would you expect to be diagnosed as having an intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generalizing from the text's discussion about the...

Question 13

If Greg is 10 years old, and if he answers the same number of intelligence test questions correctly as the average 9-year-old, his computed IQ would be:

Accepted Answer

IQ has been defined as mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100. In this case, 9 divided by 10 multiplied by 100 is equal to 90.

Question 14

Who proposed the triarchic concept of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The triarchic concept of intelligence was proposed by Robert Sternberg in the 1980s. This theory suggests that intelligence is comprised of three aspects: analytical intelligence (related to problem-solving and academic tasks), creative intelligence (related to creativity and innovation), and practical intelligence (related to adapting to different environments and solving real-life problems).

Question 15

According to Sternberg's model, the capacity to adapt to the environment is called:

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's model, the capacity to adapt to the environment is called contextual intelligence, which involves the ability to understand practical problems and find solutions that are effective in real-life situations. Logico-mathematical intelligence refers to the ability to reason logically and solve mathematical problems, while componential intelligence involves analytical and problem-solving skills. Experiential intelligence is related to creativity and the ability to use prior experiences to solve new problems.

Question 16

If Paul tells you that he is 15 years old and that his measured IQ is 150, which of the following should you conclude?

Accepted Answer

Most IQ tests set the average IQ at 100, and only about 2% of the population score above an IQ of 130. Thus, Paul's IQ of 150 is very high. Paul's chronological age of 15 years is irrelevant to his IQ calculation, since 150 is not his mental age; rather it is his IQ score.

Question 17

Who proposed a theory of intelligence that identified eight distinct intelligences, including linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligences, which identified eight distinct intelligences, including linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence.

Question 18

In Sternberg's model, the type of intelligence measured by typical IQ tests is called:

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's model includes three types of intelligence - practical, contextual, and componential. Practical intelligence is related to everyday problem-solving, while contextual intelligence is related to adapting to different situations. Componential intelligence, also known as analytical intelligence, is the type of intelligence typically measured by IQ tests. It involves analysis, evaluation, and problem-solving abilities.

Question 19

One goal for constructing an intelligence test is to write the test such that if a person took it multiple times, that person's score would always be the same. This goal represents the concept of test:

Accepted Answer

Test reliability refers to the consistency with which the test measures. If a test were perfectly reliable, a person would always get the same test score every time he or she took the test. No test is perfectly reliable (that is, there is always some error in testing); however, test reliability is an important goal for test construction.

Question 20

Why has the ratio method of computing IQ been replaced by the deviation method?

Accepted Answer

The problem with using the ratio method of IQ is that intelligence levels off in adulthood (e.g., an average 30-year-old would perform about the same as an average 50-year-old). If mental age remains the same, but is divided by increasingly large chronological age, IQ becomes smaller, even though the adult does not become less intelligent with age. (For example, if the people above both have a mental age of 30, the 30-year-old's ratio IQ would be 100; the 50-year-old's ratio IQ would be 60.) As intelligence testing became useful for adults, a different method of computing IQ needed to be developed.

Quiz 8: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

The average 10-year-old child has an IQ of ; and the average 50-year-old adult has an IQ of_: