Question 1

During Super's ________ phase of career development, individuals limit their career possibilities by learning more about specific lines of work and starting to obtain the training required for a job.

Accepted Answer

Super's “specification” phase involves learning more about specific career paths and obtaining the necessary training. During this phase, individuals begin to narrow down their career options and gain a clear understanding of what they want to do.

Question 2

Joe drives a truck and likes it. He enjoys physical labour, working with his hands, and solving concrete problems. Joe fits best in Holland's _______ personality type.

Accepted Answer

Holland's personality types include realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. Realistic personalities enjoy physical labour, working with their hands, and solving concrete problems, which aligns with Joe's interests and job as a truck driver. The other options do not fit Joe's description as well.

Question 3

According to Holland, people find work most fulfilling when

Accepted Answer

According to Holland's theory, individuals find work most fulfilling when their job requirements match their personality traits or characteristics. This is often referred to as the "person-environment fit." While compensation may be a factor in overall job satisfaction, it is not the primary determinant of work fulfillment according to Holland's theory. The implementation phase of career development and having a realistic personality type may be important considerations, but they are not directly related to Holland's theory.

Question 4

Thirteen-year-old Jade is thinking about becoming a nurse because she likes to take care of people and isn't at all squeamish about blood or sick people. Jade best fits in Super's ________ phase of career development.

Accepted Answer

Super's developmental theory proposes five stages of career development, and Jade is likely in the crystallization stage. This is characterized by adolescents beginning to consider different career paths and developing a more focused occupational goal based on their interests and abilities. In this stage, they start to investigate different career options and develop a clearer understanding of what they want to do as an adult. Jade's interest in nursing suggests that she is in the early stages of crystallization.

Question 5

Katrina is often concerned about other people, particularly children. She is in ________ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Gilligan's ethics of care theory suggests that women tend to have a greater concern for others and use a morality of care instead of justice. In the second stage, the individual expands their concern beyond their immediate relationships and considers the needs and perspective of other groups, such as communities or society as a whole. This aligns with Katrina's concern for children and other people, indicating she is in the second stage of Gilligan's theory.

Question 6

In Super's theory of career choice, adolescents are in a process of ________, during which they begin to narrow career possibilities based on their perceptions of their own abilities and interests.

Accepted Answer

According to Super's theory of career choice, during the stage of crystallization, adolescents begin to form a clearer sense of their abilities and interests, which helps them to narrow down their career options. They begin to develop a clearer understanding of the skills and knowledge required for different careers, and they make choices based on their own perceived strengths and interests. Therefore, the best choice would be option A) crystallization.

Question 7

How can parents best help their children develop higher forms of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Open discussion provides children with the opportunity to develop their own reasoning skills, weigh various perspectives, and consider alternative options. It also allows parents to model and reinforce the values they want their children to embody. Discouraging disagreement or using punishment is not effective in promoting moral reasoning and may inhibit the development of independent thinking and decision-making skills. Time-out can be a useful tool in managing behavior, but it does not necessarily promote higher forms of moral reasoning in children.

Question 8

According to Donald Super's theory of vocational choice, ________ plays a major role in an adolescent's choice of a career.

Accepted Answer

Donald Super's theory emphasizes the development of self-concept and identity as crucial in career choice, particularly during adolescence.

Question 9

According to Holland's theory

Accepted Answer

According to Holland's theory, there are six prototypic personalities (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) that are important when people choose a career. These personality types are matched with different work environments and job tasks that are likely to lead to job satisfaction and success.

Question 10

Karen has an investigative personality type. What careers would fit well with her personality type?

Accepted Answer

Karen's investigative personality type would be well-suited for careers that involve problem-solving, research, and analysis. Therefore, the best choice would be C, which includes scientist and technical writer. These careers require strong analytical skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work independently to gather and analyze data. B, business executive or real estate agent, may require some problem-solving skills but do not necessarily involve as much research and analysis. A, bank teller or payroll clerk, do not require much investigative work. D, poet or musician, do not require analytical or investigative skills.

Question 11

Lindsey, age 20, recently started working at her first full-time job as a graphic designer. She has had some problems getting along with her coworkers and has found that the reality of the job is not exactly what she expected it to be. Lindsey appears to be in Super's ________ phase of career development.

Accepted Answer

The implementation phase in Super's career development theory involves starting a job and adjusting to the work environment, which aligns with Lindsey's experience of beginning her first full-time job and facing challenges in adapting to it.

Question 12

Like Kohlberg, Gilligan believes that moral reasoning

Accepted Answer

Both Kohlberg and Gilligan agree that moral reasoning becomes more sophisticated as individuals develop, although Gilligan emphasizes care and relationships in her theory.

Question 13

Maxine likes to work in an environment that is structured and in which she has a supervisor who assigns her tasks. She used to be a payroll clerk, but now she enjoys her job as a bank teller. According to Holland, Maxine has a(n) ________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Maxine's preference for a structured environment and a supervisor who assigns tasks is indicative of a conventional personality type. This type of person is typically well-suited to jobs such as bank teller, where there are established procedures and protocols to follow. The other options (investigative, artistic, and realistic) do not fit Maxine's description as well as conventional.

Question 14

Kohlberg suggested that people develop more advanced forms of moral reasoning

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, individuals develop more advanced forms of moral reasoning through discussion about moral issues with people who are at a higher level of moral reasoning. This process is known as "socratic dialogue." Through this discussion, individuals are exposed to a variety of viewpoints and gradually develop a more sophisticated understanding of moral issues.

Question 15

Entering the workforce and learning first-hand about a job is called

Accepted Answer

Implementation refers to the stage where individuals enter the workforce and gain practical experience in their job roles.

Question 16

Dominic has been volunteering at a local veterinary clinic to learn more about what's involved in being a veterinarian, and has also applied to colleges with veterinary medicine programs in order to get the necessary training. Dominic appears to be in Super's ________ phase of career development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dominic has been volunteering at a local...

Question 17

The highest stage of Gilligan's developmental progression of moral reasoning emphasizes

Accepted Answer

The highest stage of Gilligan's developmental progression of moral reasoning emphasizes caring in all personal relationships by denouncing exploitation and violence between people. This is known as the "ethics of care", which involves valuing and prioritizing the well-being and needs of others. Personal moral principles are important, but they are not the sole focus of this stage. Additionally, being preoccupied with one's own needs is not emphasized in this stage.

Question 18

Limiting career possibilities by learning more about specific lines of work and starting to obtain the required training for a job is called ________ by Super.

Accepted Answer

Specification refers to the process of narrowing down career options and beginning to acquire the necessary skills and training for a specific job, as described by Super.

Question 19

According to Carol Gilligan, individuals in the first stage of moral reasoning are

Accepted Answer

According to Carol Gilligan, individuals in the first stage of moral reasoning (preconventional) are primarily focused on their own needs and desires. They make moral decisions based on what benefits them or avoids punishment. This stage is based on a self-centered perspective.

Question 20

According to research, how does the moral reasoning of males and females compare?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, how does the moral...

Quiz 15: Cognitive Processes in Adolescents