Question 1

According to the cognitive view, children learn language by searching across many examples stored in memory.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive view of language acquisition posits that children use their cognitive abilities to process input and identify patterns in the language they hear. This process involves searching through many examples stored in memory, which supports the idea that language acquisition is an example-based process.

Question 2

Effective communication is important throughout life. Give and explain three guidelines for effective oral communication.

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Question 3

Preschool children do not adjust their messages when their listeners lack critical information.

Accepted Answer

Preschool children do show the ability to adjust their messages based on what they perceive their listeners know or do not know, indicating an early development of theory of mind and communicative competence.

Question 4

What are some of the rules that children use for learning new words?

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Question 5

Children sometimes have distinctive styles of learning language. Name and describe two styles of learning language.

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Question 6

Your sister and brother-in-law have a newborn baby and they are wondering when she will begin talking. They hope that it will occur soon, so they have begun saying mama and dada to their daughter. What can you tell them about the course of language development during the first year of life?

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Question 7

Children cannot understand metaphors based on abstract relations until they can reason abstractly.

Accepted Answer

Metaphors that involve abstract concepts or relationships require a level of abstract reasoning that children typically develop later in their cognitive development. Before they can understand such metaphors, they need to be capable of thinking abstractly, which usually happens during early adolescence.

Question 8

Your friend Angelina wants to know what she can do to stimulate her son Mario's development. What should Angelina do in her interactions with Mario and how should she structure his home environment to maximize his language development?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

School-age children can detect sarcasm from the speaker's tone of voice but not from the context of the sarcastic comment.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children as young as 6 can detect sarcasm from tone of voice cues, but not from the context of the comment. It is not until around age 10 that children become proficient at understanding sarcasm within its contextual setting.

Question 10

What is infant-directed speech and how is it related to infant language development?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Name and briefly describe the four different elements of language.

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Question 12

Your friend just found out she is expecting her first child. You are excited to get her a gift for the new baby. You see a bunch of Baby Einstein videos at the store. Given when you know about word learning, should you buy the videos for your friend?

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Question 13

Your friends Tom and Susan have an 18-month-old daughter, Lynda, who has a vocabulary of approximately 50 words. Almost all of Lynda's words are names of objects, people, or actions. Tom and Susan wonder if this is normal. What can you tell them about the different language-learning styles?

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Question 14

Describe infant speech perception during the first year of life.

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Question 15

What can adults do during their interactions with children to promote children's language development?

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Question 16

Describe and give an example of the two naming errors that children make when learning new words. When do these errors occur? When do these errors go away?

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Question 17

years of age, children understand that a comment should be followed by a response.

Accepted Answer

By around 2-3 years of age, children typically understand that communication involves turn-taking and that a comment should be followed by a response. This is a key aspect of early social and language development.

Question 18

Infants' early attempts to communicate include pointing, touching, or making noises.

Accepted Answer

Infants' early attempts to communicate commonly include pointing, touching, or making noises.

Question 19

School-age children are more likely to be polite to adults and demanding with peers.

Accepted Answer

School-age children are developmentally more aware of social norms and more concerned with pleasing adults, while at the same time they begin to assert their independence and develop peer relationships, which can be marked by more assertiveness and boundary-setting.

Question 20

Most toddlers understand that one's reply to comments should be related to the comment.

Accepted Answer

Most toddlers are still developing communication skills and may not fully understand the concept of relevance in conversations.

Quiz 9: Language and Communication