Question 1

Baillargeon found that infants as young as 2 months showed object permanence in that they consistently looked longer at an unrealistic event than a realistic one.

Accepted Answer

Baillargeon's research demonstrated that infants as young as 3.5 months, not 2 months, showed evidence of object permanence by looking longer at a seemingly impossible event, suggesting they understood objects continued to exist even when out of sight.

Question 2

Younger children are less prone to interference from irrelevant stimulation.

Accepted Answer

Younger children are actually more prone to interference from irrelevant stimulation because they have less developed attentional control mechanisms compared to adults, making it harder for them to filter out distractions.

Question 3

Knowledge of people was the first core-domain identified by scientists.

Accepted Answer

The first core domain identified by scientists was knowledge of the physical world, not knowledge of people.

Question 4

Adults' theories of living things begin in infancy when babies first distinguish animate objects from inanimate objects.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that infants as young as 3-4 months old can distinguish animate objects (such as people and animals) from inanimate objects (such as furniture and toys). This distinction forms the basis for developing theories about living things later in life.

Question 5

Infants form categories from the important clues provided by perceptual features and the organization of these features.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that infants use perceptual features such as shape, size, texture, and color to form categories for objects and events in their environment. They also organize these features based on similarities and differences, allowing them to categorize new experiences quickly and efficiently.

Question 6

Infants are incapable of realizing that objects move along connected, continuous paths and that objects cannot move through other objects.

Accepted Answer

Infants as young as 3-4 months old have been shown to have a basic understanding of object permanence and can predict the movement of objects along continuous paths. However, they may have difficulty when objects move in unexpected ways or disappear behind occluders. Infants also understand that objects cannot move through solid surfaces, as shown by their surprised reactions when an object appears to pass through another object.

Question 7

Preschoolers' naïve theories of biology are complex but incomplete. For instance they believe that plants are not living things.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that many preschoolers do not consider plants as living beings because they do not move or show behaviors that are typically associated with animals. This suggests that their understanding of biology is complex but incomplete.

Question 8

Piaget claimed that understanding of objects develops slowly, however, modern researchers have shown that babies understand objects much earlier than Piaget claimed.

Accepted Answer

Modern research has shown that babies as young as three to four months old have some understanding of objects, contrary to Piaget's claim that object permanence (the understanding that objects continue to exist even when not visible) does not develop until around 8-9 months old.

Question 9

Unlike adults, 4-year-old children do not understand that animals grow get physically bigger and more complex, but that inanimate objects do not change in this way.

Accepted Answer

By the age of 4, children begin to understand basic concepts of growth and can differentiate between living things, which grow and change over time, and inanimate objects, which do not grow in the same way.

Question 10

Research has shown that infants as young as 1 year do not have an understanding of intentionality, but by age 2, children understand that people's behavior is often intentional.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that infants can understand some aspects of intentionality much earlier than age 2. By around 18 months, infants already demonstrate an understanding that people's actions are goal-directed, indicating an early grasp of intentionality.

Question 11

Infants' early understandings of objects and their principles are known as a naïve theory of physics.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Infants have a basic understanding of physical principles such as object permanence, gravity, and causality, which develop quickly in the first months of life. This initial understanding is considered a naïve theory of physics, and it serves as a foundation for later, more sophisticated scientific knowledge about the physical world.

Question 12

Children's naïve theories of biology are composed of six elements: movement, growth, internal parts, inheritance, illness, and healing.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Children's naïve theories of biology consist of six main elements, which include movement, growth, internal parts, inheritance, illness, and healing. These elements form the basis of children's developing understanding of the biological world around them.

Question 13

Essentialism is children's belief that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity.

Accepted Answer

Essentialism is the belief that everything has an innate and defining feature or nature. Children often possess this belief and consider that living things have an essence that imparts them their identity. However, this concept has been criticized over time by many scholars as it oversimplifies complex identities and differences among individuals.

Question 14

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) grasp false beliefs tasks as quickly as children without ASD.

Accepted Answer

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often have difficulty with tasks that require understanding of false beliefs, which is a key component of Theory of Mind. This means they typically take longer to grasp these concepts compared to children without ASD.

Question 15

According to core-knowledge theories, infants are endowed with specialized knowledge in domains that were historically significant for survival.

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theories propose that infants have innate knowledge in domains such as language, physics, and biology that were crucial for human survival and adaptation. This knowledge helps infants make sense of the world and learn quickly in these domains.

Question 16

Name and describe the four stages of Piaget's theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the four stages of...

Question 17

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) find hidden objects faster than typically developing children do, but this emphasis on perceptual details usually comes at the expense of maintaining a coherent overall picture.

Accepted Answer

Children with ASD often have enhanced perceptual processing abilities, allowing them to excel in tasks requiring attention to detail, such as finding hidden objects. However, this focus on details can sometimes hinder their ability to integrate information into a coherent whole.

Question 18

A fundamental part of young children's theory of living things is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Children tend to attribute purpose and intention to living things and their parts. This belief is known as teleological thinking and is an important aspect of young children's understanding of the living world.

Question 19

Most children in Western cultures have well-defined ideas about what "essences" are.

Accepted Answer

Most children in Western cultures do not inherently have well-defined ideas about "essences" but rather develop these concepts over time through education, socialization, and cultural influences.

Question 20

A 4-year-old is not capable of realizing that a baby pig that is adopted by a cow would grow up to look and behave like a pig.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 4-year-old is not capable of realizing...

Quiz 6: Theories of Cognitive Development