Question 1

Describe Down syndrome. What it is, its causes, and its symptoms? What are the odds of having a child with Down syndrome?

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Question 2

Although environmental factors are important, they usually affect each child in a unique way, which makes siblings differ.

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors such as parenting, schooling, and community can influence a child's development. However, the way these factors affect each child varies based on individual characteristics like temperament, genetic makeup, and life experiences. Therefore, siblings may experience different outcomes despite growing up in the same environment.

Question 3

Explain basic concepts of single gene inheritance using the terms alleles, chromosomes, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive.

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Question 4

Heredity and environment interact dynamically throughout development. We know that a genotype is expressed differently when it is exposed to a different environment. We also know that the environment can trigger genetic expression. Explain this constant connection between nature and nurture. Be sure to give examples and discuss epigenesist in your explanation.

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Question 5

Your friends Shania and Ricky are expecting a baby. Both Shania and Ricky are farsighted and have cheek dimples. Shania and Ricky have said that they hope that their baby won't need to wear glasses or have cheek dimples because they both hate their glasses and dimples. What can you tell them about genetic inheritance and the likelihood that they will get their wish?

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Question 6

Name and describe one disorder caused by an abnormal number of sex chromosomes that affects only males. In addition, name and describe one disorder caused by an abnormal number of sex chromosomes that affects only females.

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Question 7

Explain how a) twin studies, and b) adoption studies are used to determine the influence of heredity on a trait and discuss a potential flaw of each type of study.

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Question 8

Experiences determine which phenotypes emerge, and genotypes influence the nature of experiences.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Experiences can shape the expression of certain traits, but an individual's genetic makeup can also influence the type of experiences they have. This concept is known as gene-environment interaction.

Question 9

Explain the general properties of the paths from genes to behavior.

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Question 10

The environment has no impact on when genes are activated - they follow a predictable and predetermined schedule based on maturation.

Accepted Answer

The environment can have a significant impact on when genes are activated. For example, certain environmental factors such as diet, exercise, and exposure to toxins or pollutants can affect when and how genes are expressed. Additionally, epigenetic changes, which can be influenced by environmental factors, can also alter when genes are activated.

Question 11

You and a friend were talking about the role of heredity and environment on child development. You tell your friends that "nature" can help determine the kind of "nurturing" that a child receives. Explain and give an example since your friend looks really confused). Be sure to discuss niche-picking in your explanation.

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Question 12

Name and briefly describe some common disorders associated with recessive alleles.

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Quiz 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development