Question 1

Which of the following is a hypothesis discussed in your textbook to explain the relative satisfaction maximizers tend to get from their decisions compared to satisficers?
A)Maximizers invest more in their decisions,so they expect more from the outcomes.
B)Maximizers are natural optimists,so they always see the best in everything.
C)Maximizers tend to display belief perseverance,and ignore evidence that conflicts with their expectations.
D)Maximizers prefer to have fewer choices,which makes it unlikely that the final choice will be "just right."

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis discussed in the textbook is that maximizers tend to invest more in their decisions, so they expect more from the outcomes. They do more research, explore more options, and compare more alternatives, which raise their expectations. This can lead to higher standards, lower satisfaction with the final choice, and regret over missed opportunities. Satisficers, on the other hand, set lower criteria and accept the first option that meets them, which leads to less regret, less opportunity costs, and more satisfaction.

Question 2

The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences are called _________.
A)syntax
B)aphasics
C)pragmatics
D)language

Accepted Answer

The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences are referred to as syntax. Aphasics is a term for individuals with language impairments, pragmatics refers to the social use of language, and language is a broad term encompassing all aspects of communication through speech, writing, and signs.

Question 3

Lex is in the second grade.As part of a homework assignment,he is asked to write a sentence to describe a picture of a dog playing fetch.Lex writes the sentence,"Ball the dog has." Lex is clearly having trouble with ___________.
A)phonemes
B)morphemes
C)pragmatics
D)syntax

Accepted Answer

Lex's sentence lacks proper syntax, as it is missing a verb and article, making it grammatically incorrect.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between language and communication?
A)All forms of communication are examples of language.
B)Only animals with language can communicate.
C)Language is a special form of communication.
D)Any form of communication that involves emitted sound is considered language.

Accepted Answer

Language is a specific type of communication that involves the use of a system of sounds or symbols to convey meaning between individuals. While other forms of communication exist, such as body language or chemical signals, they are not considered language in the same sense as spoken or written language.

Question 5

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?
A)words
B)syntax
C)phonemes
D)morphemes

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest unit of meaning in a language. They are the smallest units of sound with a meaning, such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Words consist of one or more morphemes. Syntax is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences, while phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best definition for language?
A)a form of communication involving the use of spoken,written,or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form
B)any set of signals used to communicate information between members of a species
C)a set of words with specific meanings and relationships
D)a bidirectional mapping of sounds and vocalizations to specific objects,ideas,and actions

Accepted Answer

Language is a complex system that involves the use of spoken, written, or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form to communicate information. This definition encompasses the various components of language, including syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics. Options B, C, and D are all too narrow and do not capture the totality of language as a complex linguistic system.

Question 7

The difference between a well-formed and an ill-formed sentence usually comes down to _____________.
A)phonemes
B)morphemes
C)pragmatics
D)syntax

Accepted Answer

The syntax of a sentence refers to the way words and phrases are arranged to create meaning. A well-formed sentence follows the rules of syntax, while an ill-formed sentence violates those rules. Phonemes refer to the individual sounds that make up words, morphemes refer to the smallest units of meaning in a language, and pragmatics refer to the social and cultural aspects of language use. While all of these factors can contribute to whether a sentence is effective or appropriate in a given context, they are not what distinguishes a well-formed sentence from an ill-formed one.

Question 8

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer.You have gotten to the point where you can sound out the words written in the Cyrillic alphabet,but you do not understand what any of the words mean.What element of the Russian language will you need to start learning next?
A)syntax
B)phonemes
C)morphemes
D)pragmatics

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. Since you can sound out words but don't understand their meaning, learning morphemes will help you understand the meaning of the words in Russian.

Question 9

The most basic of units of spoken language are called _________.
A)morphemes
B)phonemes
C)semantics
D)syntax

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language and are the building blocks of words. Morphemes are combinations of phonemes that have meaning, semantics refers to the meaning of words and syntax is the way words are combined to create sentences.

Question 10

One interesting property of ___________ is that we usually know when it is not being used correctly,but people often cannot explain exactly why.
A)phonemes
B)morphemes
C)syntax
D)pragmatics

Accepted Answer

The answer of One interesting property of ___________ is that...

Question 11

The ability to communicate information about the past,future,and other locations is a unique property of ___________.
A)aphasia
B)phonemes
C)communication
D)language

Accepted Answer

The ability to communicate information about the past, future, and other locations is a unique property of language. Phonemes and Aphasias are components and impairments of language, respectively, but they are not the complete property. Communication is a broad term that includes nonverbal communication and other modes of expression, but not all forms of communication can convey information about the past, future, and other locations.

Question 12

______________ is the study of nonlinguistic elements of language use.
A)Semantics
B)Aphasia
C)Syntax
D)Pragmatics

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics is the study of nonlinguistic elements of language use, such as context, intentions of the speaker, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. Semantics is the study of meaning in language, Aphasia is a language disorder, and Syntax is the study of sentence structure.

Question 13

Miranda asks her teacher,"Can I go to the bathroom?" to which she replied,"I don't know,can you?" Miranda's teacher was purposely ignoring the ______________ of Miranda's question to make a point about grammar.
A)pragmatics
B)morphemes
C)syntax
D)semantics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Miranda asks her teacher,"Can I go to...

Question 14

The sounds t,th,and sh are ___________.
A)morphemes
B)phonemes
C)semantics
D)sound bytes

Accepted Answer

T, th and sh are individual speech sounds that can change the meaning of a word. These individual speech sounds are phonemes.

Question 15

Young children sometimes literally interpret sentences like "Do you know where your mommy is?" by answering "Yes." They failed to understand the ________ of the question.
A)pragmatics
B)morphemes
C)syntax
D)semantics

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics refers to the social and contextual aspects of language use, and includes understanding the intended meaning of a question beyond its literal interpretation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?
A)Words or symbols can be recombined to create entirely new meanings.
B)Language uses sounds to communicate.
C)Language can be used to pass information between individuals.
D)Language is important for survival.

Accepted Answer

The ability to recombine words or symbols to create new meanings is a unique property of human language that distinguishes it from animal communication. While animals can communicate using sounds or gestures, they do not have the ability to create new meanings by recombining symbols or words.

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?
A)Language uses sounds to communicate.
B)Language communicates information about the past and the future.
C)Language can be used to pass information between individuals.
D)Language is important for survival.

Accepted Answer

Animal communication typically focuses on communicating information in the present moment, such as conveying a warning of danger or indicating a desire for food or mate. Language, on the other hand, is uniquely capable of conveying information about events that have occurred in the past or that will take place in the future. This temporal flexibility allows for much more complex linguistic communication and helps to distinguish human language from animal communication.

Question 18

Greta is an academic who studies how people come to understand meaning from words and how they are arranged.Greta area of study would be described as ___________.
A)semantics
B)aphasia
C)language arts
D)ESL

Accepted Answer

Greta's area of study, which focuses on understanding meaning from words and how they are arranged, falls under the field of semantics. Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate, so it is not relevant to Greta's area of study. Language arts and ESL are broader terms and do not specifically describe Greta's area of expertise.

Question 19

Language is based on basic sound units called ___________,which typically have no meaning by themselves.
A)phonemes
B)morphemes
C)semantics
D)syntax

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the basic sound units that make up a language, and they typically have no meaning by themselves. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have meaning, while semantics refer to the meanings of words and syntax refers to the rules governing how words are combined to form sentences.

Question 20

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?
A)the "th" at the beginning of think
B)the "s" at the end of cats
C)the word mom
D)the "psy" in psychology

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is both a...

Quiz 8: B: Thought and Language

Which of the following is a hypothesis discussed in your textbook to explain the relative satisfaction maximizers tend to get from their decisions compared to satisficers?

The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences are called _________.

Lex is in the second grade.As part of a homework assignment,he is asked to write a sentence to describe a picture of a dog playing fetch.Lex writes the sentence,"Ball the dog has." Lex is clearly having trouble with ___________.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between language and communication?

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?

Which of the following is the best definition for language?

The difference between a well-formed and an ill-formed sentence usually comes down to _____________.

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer.You have gotten to the point where you can sound out the words written in the Cyrillic alphabet,but you do not understand what any of the words mean.What element of the Russian language will you need to start learning next?

The most basic of units of spoken language are called _________.

One interesting property of ___________ is that we usually know when it is not being used correctly,but people often cannot explain exactly why.

The ability to communicate information about the past,future,and other locations is a unique property of ___________.

______________ is the study of nonlinguistic elements of language use.

Miranda asks her teacher,"Can I go to the bathroom?" to which she replied,"I don't know,can you?" Miranda's teacher was purposely ignoring the ______________ of Miranda's question to make a point about grammar.

The sounds t,th,and sh are ___________.

Young children sometimes literally interpret sentences like "Do you know where your mommy is?" by answering "Yes." They failed to understand the ________ of the question.

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?

Which of the following is a unique property of language that helps to distinguish it from animal communication?

Greta is an academic who studies how people come to understand meaning from words and how they are arranged.Greta area of study would be described as ___________.

Language is based on basic sound units called ___________,which typically have no meaning by themselves.

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?