Question 1

Naomi's breathing stops briefly during sleep,causing her to gasp.What problem does Naomi most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Naomi's symptom of momentarily stopping breathing and gasping during sleep is a classic sign of sleep apnea, a condition where the airway becomes obstructed during sleep, leading to pauses in breathing. Insomnia is a condition where a person has difficulty falling or staying asleep, narcolepsy is a sleep disorder where people experience excessive daytime sleepiness and can involuntarily fall asleep, and REM behavior disorder is a condition where a person acts out their dreams during sleep. None of these conditions match Naomi's symptoms as closely as sleep apnea.

Question 2

Another name for sleepwalking is

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is also called somnambulism. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep. REM behaviour disorder involves acting out dreams during REM sleep. Sleep misperception is a condition where individuals feel like they haven't slept enough, despite getting adequate sleep.

Question 3

___________________ is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep,causing the person to gasp for air.

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep, often causing them to wake up repeatedly throughout the night, gasping for air. It can lead to fatigue, irritability, and an increased risk of certain health problems. Insomnia refers to difficulty falling and/or staying asleep, while narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep, even during the day. Non-REM sleep is a phase of sleep that is characterized by slowed brain activity, regular breathing, and relaxed muscles.

Question 4

Which of the following is true about sleepwalking?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is more prevalent in childhood, with approximately 15% of children experiencing at least one episode. It is characterized by walking or performing other complex behaviors while still asleep, and is not typically associated with acting out a dream or emotional disturbance. It is generally safe to gently guide a sleepwalker back to bed.

Question 5

Insomnia affects about _______________ Canadians.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Insomnia affects about _______________ Canadians.
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Question 6

People with insomnia have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia can affect all three aspects of sleep: falling asleep, returning to sleep after waking, and waking up too early.

Question 7

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person periodically stops breathing during sleep. This can result in disrupted sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, and other health problems.

Question 8

REM behaviour disorder results from

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is caused by the body not experiencing the typical restriction of movement during REM sleep. This can be due to lesions or dysfunction in the brainstem structures responsible for regulating REM sleep. Too much or not enough sleep and deterioration of the medial hypothalamus are not directly related to the development of REM behavior disorder.

Question 9

A diagnosis of insomnia is based primarily on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A diagnosis of insomnia is primarily based on the subjective experience of the condition, namely difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early and feeling unrefreshed during the day. The number of hours of sleep on an average night or a polysomnogram recording may be used to support the diagnosis but are not the primary criteria. A blood analysis would not be relevant to the diagnosis of insomnia.

Question 10

Vanya's legs bother him while he tries to sleep,and he feels the need to constantly move them into different positions.Sometimes it even causes him to wake up in the middle of the night.Vanya would be most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as tingling, burning, or itchiness. Symptoms typically worsen at night and can interfere with sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and impaired cognitive function. Terminal insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep in the early morning hours, while REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams during the REM stage of sleep. Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, is a type of parasomnia characterized by walking or performing other complex behaviors while in a state of deep sleep.

Question 11

Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that occurs when we are awake?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which approach to dreaming suggests that our...

Question 12

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night is

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night. Zombulism and cataplexy are not sleep disorders while narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness during the day and sudden attacks of sleep.

Question 13

A weakness of the _______________ theory is that there is little to no evidence that the brain can find solutions to our concerns while we sleep.

Accepted Answer

While the problem-solving theory suggests that we can resolve problems during our sleep, there is limited evidence to support this idea. Studies have shown that while sleep can enhance creative thinking and memory consolidation, it may not necessarily lead to problem-solving or finding solutions to complex problems. Therefore, the weakness of the problem-solving theory is that it lacks empirical support.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about nightmares and night terrors?

Accepted Answer

Nightmares are a type of dream that typically occur during REM sleep and involve vivid and often upsetting content. Night terrors, on the other hand, are a type of sleep disorder that usually occur during non-REM sleep and involve intense fear and high levels of arousal, but without the typical dream content associated with nightmares. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because nightmares and night terrors are not the same thing. Option B and D are incorrect because they are the opposite of what is actually true.

Question 15

______________ occur during REM sleep,while __________________ occur during NREM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Nightmares occur during REM sleep, while night terrors occur during NREM sleep. This is because REM sleep is characterized by increased brain activity and vivid dreaming, while NREM sleep is deeper and less active.

Question 16

If you have been waking up too early for several weeks,you are probably suffering from

Accepted Answer

Terminal insomnia, also known as early morning awakening, is when individuals wake up too early, typically at least 2 hours before their desired wake-up time, and are unable to fall back asleep. It is a common symptom of depression and anxiety disorders. REM rebound occurs when individuals experience an increase in the amount and intensity of REM sleep following a period of REM deprivation, such as during sleep deprivation or alcohol consumption. Hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness, which is not necessarily related to waking too early. Reverse insomnia, also known as paradoxical insomnia, is when individuals believe they are not sleeping enough, but in reality, they are getting enough sleep.

Question 17

When he was a young child,Jerry would sometimes wake in the middle of the night screaming.He wouldn't remember having a bad dream,but remembers experiencing raw panic.Jerry most likely had

Accepted Answer

Night terrors are a sleep disorder that commonly affect young children and can cause sudden awakenings accompanied by intense fear and panic. The individual may scream, thrash, or even sleepwalk during an episode, and may not remember it the next morning. Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing while sleeping, and is typically accompanied by loud snoring. REM behavior disorder involves physically acting out dreams during the REM stage of sleep. Nightmares are vivid and disturbing dreams that can occur during any stage of sleep.

Question 18

Ernie's muscle movements are not inhibited when he is dreaming.As a result,he literally acts out his dreams,sometimes injuring himself in the process.Ernie appears to suffer from

Accepted Answer

Ernie's behavior is most consistent with REM behavior disorder, a condition where the atonia (paralysis) that normally occurs during REM sleep is absent, leading to physical movement during dreams. This is different from sleepwalking (A) where the person is in a non-REM stage of sleep, and from sleep apnea (B) and narcolepsy (C) which are sleep disorders that do not necessarily involve physical movement during sleep.

Question 19

Which sleep disorder involves people literally acting out their dreams?

Accepted Answer

REM behaviour disorder involves people physically acting out their dreams due to the lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep. Sleepwalking is a different disorder involving walking or other activities during non-REM sleep. REM rebound refers to an increase in the amount of REM sleep after a period of sleep deprivation. Sleep misperception involves the individual thinking they are not sleeping or not getting enough sleep, despite evidence to the contrary.

Question 20

Which approach to explaining dreams is best supported by the fact that students who are worried about getting a good grade in a class often have recurring dreams of running out of time on exams,oversleeping and missing class,or suddenly realizing that a paper deadline was just missed?

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving approach suggests that dreams are a way for the brain to work through and solve problems or challenges faced during wakefulness. The recurring dreams of students about exams and deadlines are likely a reflection of their worries and concerns about academic performance, indicating that their brains are actively trying to find solutions to these issues even during sleep.

Quiz 5: B: Consciousness