Researchers typically describe three primary message directions in organizations: downward,upward,and horizontal communication.

Question

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This statement is true. Researchers have identified three primary message directions in organizations: downward communication, which flows from higher-level individuals to lower-level individuals; upward communication, which flows from lower-level individuals to higher-level individuals; and horizontal communication, which flows between individuals at the same level in the organization's hierarchy.

Researchers Typically Describe Three Primary Message Directions in Organizations: Downward,upward,and