Question 1

Which community health practice setting involves personal identity,security,and privacy?

Accepted Answer

The home involves personal identity, security, and privacy as it is a private and intimate space where people feel comfortable and safe. Health care professionals who provide home-based care respect the privacy and confidentiality of their patients and work in collaboration with them to create a safe and secure environment. The other options (mobile health van, health center, drop-in clinic) involve public and shared spaces, which may not offer the same level of privacy and security.

Question 2

Compare and contrast health promotion with prevention and health protection.Provide an example for each from community health nursing practice.

Accepted Answer

Health promotion is a mediating strategy between people and their environments,a positive,dynamic,empowering,and unifying concept that is based in the socio-environmental approach to health.The nurse may be involved in facilitating community action,assisting in the development of skills,and increasing client knowledge and control over the determinants of health (e.g. ,facilitating a community to develop a drop-in recreation centre for adolescents).
Prevention and health protection involves a variety of strategies that seek to minimize the occurrence of diseases and their consequences.The nurse may be involved in education,direct services,disease surveillance,immunization,risk reduction,outbreak management,and social marketing (e.g. ,working at a sexually transmitted infection clinic).

Question 3

Jack,14 years old,presents in the community health nurse's office requesting an initial immunization series.His parents have never immunized him because they do not believe in immunization.The parents did not sign his immunization consent form sent home through school.What does this situation present for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

This situation presents an ethical dilemma for the nurse as she needs to balance the autonomy of the parents' decision-making with the best interests of the child's health and well-being. The nurse should collaborate with the family to understand their concerns while also providing education and information about the benefits and risks of immunization. The nurse should also follow the legal and ethical guidelines within her jurisdiction regarding consent for minors, such as seeking legal guardianship or involving child protective services if necessary.

Question 4

A nurse makes a connection that a group who has HIV/AIDS is also subject to racial discrimination.What framework is the nurse practising?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is practicing the social production of disease framework, which recognizes that social factors such as discrimination can contribute to the occurrence, progression, and outcomes of diseases like HIV/AIDS. The biomedical model of disease focuses solely on the biological aspects of disease and the traditional model may not take into account the social determinants of health. The lifestyle framework considers personal behaviors and choices that may contribute to disease, but does not acknowledge the larger social context.

Question 5

Who should develop an advanced directive?

Accepted Answer

An advanced directive is a legal document that allows an individual to express their wishes for medical care in the event they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves. Therefore, it is important for individuals to develop their own advanced directive, regardless of whether they are healthy or ill. It is also important for individuals to discuss their wishes with their loved ones and healthcare providers to ensure that their wishes are understood and followed.

Question 6

Jenny,24 years old,stays at home to look after her children.She has limited job skills and financial resources.Her male partner,Randy,smokes around her children.He is also verbally abusive to Jenny.Jenny knows that second-hand smoke is dangerous to the health of her family and she has encouraged Randy to quit or smoke outside.She is thinking about contacting a women's resource centre.What would assist the nurse in working with Jenny's family?

Accepted Answer

Utilizing a framework that situates choice as relational autonomy would be the best choice. This approach recognizes the importance of considering the social and cultural context in which choices are made and emphasizes the need for support and empowerment rather than coercion or judgement. This approach would allow the nurse to work collaboratively with Jenny to identify her goals and help her access resources and support systems that may assist her in making positive changes for herself and her family. Implementing a health protection order or providing more written handouts may not address the underlying factors contributing to the family's situation, and having another nurse tell Jenny to leave her partner may be unethical and may not address the complex dynamics of the situation.

Question 7

What is the primary concern for Stephanie,a nurse who uses a feminist bioethics approach to shape her practice?

Accepted Answer

Interdependence between people is a primary concern for Stephanie, a nurse who uses a feminist bioethics approach to shape her practice. Feminist bioethics emphasizes the importance of relationships and interconnectedness, and it recognizes that people are not isolated individuals but rather are part of a web of relationships. This perspective leads to a focus on the ethical implications of healthcare decisions for all parties involved, including patients, families, and communities.

Question 8

Explore three aspects of Schroeder and Gadow's (1996)advocacy approach as it related to community health nursing practice and give an example of the approach in action.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

What must be considered when nurses assist clients to make informed choices?

Accepted Answer

When nurses assist clients to make informed choices, it is important to exchange information and respect the individual's autonomy. This means ensuring that the client understands the risks and benefits of the intervention or treatment, as well as any alternatives, and allowing them to make their own decision based on their values and preferences. Legally binding paperwork may be involved in some cases, but it is not the primary consideration. Individualism versus collectivism may come into play in terms of cultural or personal values, but ultimately the focus should be on respecting the individual's autonomy.

Question 10

Which statement provides the best definition of ethics?

Accepted Answer

Ethics refers to a set of values, norms, moral principles, virtues, and traditions that guide human conduct. It is concerned with questions about what is right and what is wrong, and seeks to provide a framework for making moral judgments and decisions. While it is related to philosophy, it is not a specialized area of philosophy in the same way that, for example, metaphysics or epistemology might be considered. While ethics may be particularly relevant in certain professional contexts, it is not limited only to health professionals or any other specific group.

Question 11

What are some of the challenges that Canadian nursing programs face in trying to foster the development of competencies related to social justice/equity and the social determinants of health in their community courses?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Which scenario illustrates the principle of reciprocity for ethical decision-making about public health interventions?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity in public health ethics involves providing support or compensation to individuals who are burdened by public health measures, such as quarantine, to ensure fairness and mitigate the impact on their lives.

Question 13

What is an example of social control?

Accepted Answer

The seatbelt law is an example of social control as it is a government-imposed regulation that influences the behavior of individuals in a society. It is intended to promote public safety by reducing the number of fatalities and injuries resulting from automobile accidents. The law is enforced through fines and other legal penalties, which serves as a deterrent for non-compliance. The other options listed are health interventions that promote well-being and disease prevention, but they are not necessarily applied as forms of social control.

Question 14

Discuss three issues faced by community health nurses (CHNs)who provide care in community settings,and provide a practice example for each issue.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Which situation has recently undergone medicalization?

Accepted Answer

Menopause was historically considered a natural transition in a woman's life, but in recent years it has been increasingly medicalized with the development of hormone replacement therapy and the marketing of menopause as a disease in need of treatment. Breast cancer and hyperthyroidism have long been recognized as medical conditions, while homosexuality was historically pathologized and medicalized but has since been declassified as a mental disorder.

Question 16

What does the concept of social justice assume?

Accepted Answer

The concept of social justice assumes that all societies experience broad, systematic oppression and inequities. This is the foundation of the concept and drives efforts to create a more just and equitable society for all. Choices A, C, and D do not align with this foundational assumption of social justice.

Question 17

Discuss the potential moral harm that community health nurses need to be aware of when planning activities as part of a health promotion program.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Melanie is a nurse doing home visits.What must she recognize as she builds relationships with her clients?

Accepted Answer

As a nurse doing home visits, Melanie must recognize and respect her clients' attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding health. This will help her build a strong relationship with them and provide personalized care that aligns with their needs and preferences. Sharing her own attitudes, beliefs, and values may not be necessary or relevant to the care she provides. Fairness and reciprocity are important values to uphold, but they are not specific to building relationships with clients. Maintaining a distant and clinical boundary may create a barrier between Melanie and her clients, preventing her from establishing trust and rapport.

Question 19

Which statement reflects the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada's (2003)description of empowerment?

Accepted Answer

The Community Health Nurses Association of Canada (2003) describes empowerment as a process where people and communities move toward increased control. This involves giving individuals and communities the tools, resources, and knowledge to take charge of their own health and well-being. It is a dynamic and ongoing process, rather than a one-time event or static state of being.

Question 20

Which statement by the nurse is from the perspective of the social production of disease framework?

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights how social and economic factors contribute to the development of disease. The client is engaging in prostitution to provide for her children, which puts her at risk for developing sexually transmitted infections. It is not solely a personal choice or behavior that leads to the disease, but rather it is influenced by larger societal structures and inequalities.

Quiz 4: Advocacy, Ethical, and Legal Considerations