A frameshift or phase shift mutation

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Frameshift mutations, caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides in the DNA sequence, can significantly alter the reading frame of the genetic code, leading to widespread changes in the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. This type of mutation can affect any gene, including regulatory genes, and its impact is not limited to polycistronic mRNA or a single polypeptide chain. It is unlikely to be corrected by a missense mutation, which only changes one amino acid and does not address the shift in the reading frame. Frameshift mutations can have severe effects on the structure and function of proteins, contrary to having little effect.

A Frameshift or Phase Shift Mutation