Question 1

Parents should try to create an environment that works with, rather than against, the basic temperament style of the infant.

Accepted Answer

It is recommended that parents create an environment that works with the basic temperament style of their infant, as this can help promote positive development and reduce stress for both the infant and the caregivers. Trying to force an infant to conform to a specific temperament style or environment that doesn't match their natural tendencies can be stressful and counterproductive.

Question 2

Two-year-old Tommy is referred to a pediatrician because he is small and scrawny and he has trouble digesting food. If Tommy's condition is not the result of malnutrition but rather is linked to child neglect, the most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

In failure-to-thrive syndrome, infants are small for their age and emaciated, they appear sick, and they are unable to digest food properly. Failure-to-thrive can occur as a result of malnutrition, which can be associated with other health concerns. In many cases, however, it appears to be linked to a lack of affection and attention, including poor-quality or nonexistent attachment.

Question 3

Robin's parents are drug addicts and therefore are unresponsive to her needs. Although they provide enough food for her to eat, they pay little attention to her and she spends most of her time unattended and alone. When Robin goes to kindergarten, the teacher is concerned because she is so small and thin, and she has trouble eating the school lunch without vomiting. The most likely diagnosis for Robin's condition is:

Accepted Answer

In failure-to-thrive syndrome, infants are small for their age and emaciated, they appear sick, and they are unable to digest food properly. Failure-to-thrive can occur as a result of malnutrition, which can be associated with other health concerns. In many cases, however, it appears to be linked to a lack of affection and attention, including poor-quality or nonexistent attachment.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the "big three" elements of effective fatherhood:

Accepted Answer

Income is not considered one of the "big three" elements of effective fatherhood. The three elements are usually identified as accessibility, engagement, and responsibility. These three elements are crucial for successful fatherhood and for promoting positive outcomes for children. While income can be important for supporting the family's needs, it is not considered a core component of effective fatherhood.

Question 5

All infants are born with basically the same temperament style.

Accepted Answer

According to research conducted by Thomas and Chess, most children could be placed into one of three different groups, according to their basic style of temperament: easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up.

Question 6

The primary reason that child abuse or neglect is especially damaging when it occurs during the first year of life is that it so often interferes with which of the following developmental events?

Accepted Answer

Child neglect, which is often unintentional, involves the failure of a caregiver to respond to or care for a child. As the book notes, early infant-caregiver attachment is critical to later development and child abuse and neglect interfere with attachment.

Question 7

The key word in the text's distinction between child abuse and child neglect is:

Accepted Answer

Child abuse involves physical, emotional, and psychological harm, but these can also be the result of child neglect. Thus, the thing that distinguishes child abuse from child neglect is that it is intentional, rather than the result of unintentional mistreatment of a child.

Question 8

The typical behavior of a child participating in the still-face experiment is to become distressed.

Accepted Answer

During the still-face experiment, when the caregiver stops showing emotional responses, the child typically becomes distressed and may exhibit negative behaviors such as crying, fussing or looking away. This reaction is considered a normal response to a sudden lack of attention and interaction from the caregiver's end.

Question 9

According to the text, which of the following social conditions has had the most dramatic effect on fathers' roles?

Accepted Answer

The increase in women's participation in the labor force has had the most dramatic effect on fathers' roles. As more women entered the workforce, fathers began to take on a larger role in childcare and household duties. This shift in traditional gender roles has had significant implications for families and society as a whole.

Question 10

If you were concerned that your child would display behavioral problems in later childhood or early adolescence, you might want to select a child care arrangement that did not include:

Accepted Answer

Among fifth and sixth graders followed in the NICHD study, those who were cared for by relatives or in home-based settings appear to experience no greater aggressiveness or social problems than do children cared for by their mothers.

Question 11

The still-face experiment is typically used to investigate the development of child abuse.

Accepted Answer

The still-face experiment is usually used to investigate early parent-child emotional development, which leads to the development of attachment.

Question 12

A child with a slow-to-warm-up temperament has both positive and negative moods, which are usually mild.

Accepted Answer

A slow-to-warm-up temperament is characterized by a cautious and hesitant approach to new stimuli, which may cause initial negative reactions. However, once the child becomes familiar with the situation or person, they tend to show positive behaviors. The moods are usually mild, neither intense nor extreme.

Question 13

In comparison to the amount of time mothers in typical U.S. two-parent households today spend with their children during the weekend, the typical father spends about ___ as much time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In comparison to the amount of time...

Question 14

Mary Rothbart identified 3 broad dimensions of temperament: hyperactivity, security, and assertiveness.

Accepted Answer

Rothbart did identify 3 dimensions of temperament, but she labeled these as effortful control, negative affectivity, and extroversion.

Question 15

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with children diagnosed with failure-to-thrive syndrome?

Accepted Answer

In failure-to-thrive syndrome, infants are small for their age and emaciated, they appear sick, and they are unable to digest food properly. Such infants typically avoid eye contact by staring in a wide-eyed gaze, turning away, or covering their face or eyes.
Changing Perspectives: Fatherhood in the Changing American Family - What Matters?

Question 16

Suppose your friend is going to place her infant in a high-quality child-care center. She asks you what, if any, negative results might be associated with this arrangement. Based on the results of the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, you suggest that the negative result most likely to occur is that her child may:

Accepted Answer

According to the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, children who spend significant time in child care generally demonstrated more "externalizing problems," such as disobedience and aggressiveness to other children, when they entered school. On the other hand, higher-quality child care predicted greater school readiness at age 41⁄2 as reflected in standardized tests of number skills and language skills.

Question 17

In the United States today, about what percent of children currently receive child care from someone other than their parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States today, about what...

Question 18

According to the results of the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, which of the following is NOT a result typically associated with children who spend time in high-quality child care during early childhood?

Accepted Answer

The Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development found that children who spend time in high-quality child care during early childhood have better school-readiness skills, better language skills, and more positive interactions with other children. However, there is not a consistent finding regarding a decrease in aggression when entering school.

Question 19

In comparison to the amount of time mothers in typical U.S. two-parent households today spend with their children during the work week, the typical father spends about ___ as much time.

Accepted Answer