Question 1

If a 42-year old woman elected to use assisted reproductive technology to help her become pregnant, she should expect to spend about for one cycle of treatment and know that her odds of success are about .

Accepted Answer

Today, one cycle of ART costs about $12,000 to $15,000. For healthy women under age 35, chances of success are about 42%, but by age 41 this percentage has fallen to about 15%.

Question 2

A new mother is surprised to see that her newborn looks "furry" like he is covered with a coat of hair. The "fur" she notices is called:

Accepted Answer

As noted in the textbook, the body of a newborn may be covered with lanugo hair, which should disappear during the first month.

Question 3

About what percent of U.S. women today use some type of reproductive technology to become pregnant?

Accepted Answer

According to a survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 4% of women in the United States today use some form of reproductive technology to become pregnant. This includes techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), artificial insemination, and ovulation induction.

Question 4

About what percent of couples in the U.S. today have difficulty conceiving a child?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 12% of couples in the U.S. experience difficulty conceiving a child, which is a commonly cited statistic for infertility.

Question 5

When baby Rex is bounced gently on his father's knee, his father can see the skin on the top of Rex's head move up and down, sort of like the skin is covering a bowl of jello. This is because:

Accepted Answer

At the time of birth, the soft, bony plates of the skull-called fontanels-are connected only by cartilage areas, which are squeezed together in the birth canal to allow the baby's head to pass through, giving the newborn a "cone-head" appearance. Fontanels do not fully harden and fuse until late in infancy, which is why an infant's or young toddler's head must be protected from bumps; otherwise, there is a risk of concussion.

Question 6

A new mother is surprised to see that her newborn looks like he is covered with cottage cheese. The substance she is noticing is called:

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, the body of a newborn may be covered with remnants of the vernix caseosa, a cheesy-looking protective coating.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the outcomes associated with the Nurse-Family Partnership program described in the text?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the Nurse-Family Partnership program leads to lower rates of child abuse and neglect, lower rates of arrest of teenagers raised in the program, and lower rates of behavioral and intellectual problems for children raised in the program. However, it does not mention higher rates of participation in welfare programs.

Question 8

According to the text, the cost of the Nurse-Family Partnership program described is about __________ per family served and the benefit to society is about _________ per family served.

Accepted Answer

This program costs about $4,000 per year for 3 years ($13,500), but the benefit to society is about 5 times the cost ($67,500).

Question 9

Mary's newborn son was given the Apgar test at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth. If he received a perfect score both times, what would the first and second Apgar scores be, respectively:

Accepted Answer

A perfect Apgar score is 10 points, with a score of 7 or more considered normal. The scale does not change between first and second administrations of the test.

Question 10

The major cost savings that result from providing Nurse-Family Partnership programs to at-risk families is achieved primarily through:

Accepted Answer

The major cost savings that result from providing Nurse-Family Partnership programs to at-risk families is achieved primarily through less use of welfare programs. By providing early intervention and support to at-risk families, the program can prevent the need for families to rely on welfare programs such as food stamps, Medicaid, and housing assistance. This results in cost savings for both the government and taxpayers.

Question 11

In the last few moments before birth, infants experience a major surge of:

Accepted Answer

In the last few moments before birth, as the baby is about to come out of the womb, there is a surge of adrenaline and noradrenaline. This helps to increase the heart rate and prepare the baby for the transition to life outside the womb. This surge is also thought to be important in promoting the contraction of the muscles in the uterus, helping to facilitate the birth process.

Question 12

The technique of kangaroo-care emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Kangaroo-care involves skin-to-skin contact between a mother (or another caregiver) and her premature or low birth weight baby. The environment is kept calm and quiet to promote bonding and physiological regulation. B, C, and D are not directly related to the technique of kangaroo-care.

Question 13

When infants are held upright with their feet against a surface and are moved forward, they appear to walk in a coordinated way. This reflex is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

As noted in the textbook, when infants are held upright with their feet against a flat surface and are moved forward, they appear to walk in a coordinated way - a reflex known as the stepping reflex. This reflex disappears after 2 or 3 months.

Question 14

When her baby is born, Cynthia refuses to look at him or hold him. She feels no emotional connection with him at all and won't give him a name. Cynthia's reaction demonstrates a problem with the concept referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Attachment refers to the reciprocal emotional bond that develops between a child and caregivers.
Changing Perspectives: Nurse-Family Partnerships: An Early Intervention Program That Works

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of a survival response?

Accepted Answer

Survival reflexes are just that: reflexes necessary for adaptation and survival, especially during the first days or weeks before the higher brain centers begin to take control. Primitive reflexes are not necessary for survival now, but may have been important at some stage in our evolutionary history. The palmar grasp is a primitive reflex: When an infant's palm is stimulated, the infant will grasp tightly and increase the strength of the grasp if the stimulus is pulled away.

Question 16

A baby who is between 0 and 1 month of age is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A baby between 0 and 1 month of age is referred to as a neonate. Embryo refers to the stage of development from fertilization to the end of the 8th week of pregnancy, fetus refers to the stage of development from the end of the 8th week until birth, and zygote refers to the fertilized egg cell before it begins to divide.

Question 17

Jackie is a new mother who says, "I just can't stand to be away from my baby. I feel so close to him emotionally that I just love him." Jackie's comments reflect the core principle involved in:

Accepted Answer

Attachment refers to the reciprocal emotional bond that develops between a child and caregivers.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a survival reflex present in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Kicking is not considered a survival reflex present in newborns. The other options: breathing, rooting, and sucking are essential for a newborn's survival as they allow the baby to obtain oxygen and nutrients.

Question 19

When a neonate's hand is stimulated by an object such as a finger or a pencil, the infant's fingers will close tightly in a grasp. This behavior is best considered to be an example of:

Accepted Answer

The palmar grasp is a primitive reflex. As noted in the textbook this reflex refers to the finding that when an infant's palm is stimulated, the infant will grasp tightly and increase the strength of the grasp if the stimulus is pulled away.

Question 20

Baby Doe is born at 38 weeks and weighs just 4 pounds. He would be considered:

Accepted Answer

A small-for-date newborn is a full-term newborn who weighs less than 5 pounds 8 ounces. Since Baby Doe was born at 38 weeks (full-term) he is neither premature nor preterm.
The Evolving Family

Quiz 3: Prenatal Development and Childbirth