Question 1

Memories retrieved while under hypnosis are more accurate than memories retrieved while not under hypnosis,but persons who retrieve memories under hypnosis are far less reluctant to change their answers even when told that they may be wrong.

Accepted Answer

While hypnosis may enhance recall in some cases, it is not a reliable way to retrieve accurate memories. Studies have shown that people under hypnosis may inadvertently incorporate suggestions or expectations from the hypnotist into their memories, leading to false or distorted recollections. Additionally, people who retrieve memories under hypnosis may be more confident in their answers and less likely to change them, even when presented with contradictory evidence. Therefore, memories retrieved under hypnosis should be viewed with caution and skepticism.

Question 2

Luria's mnemonist suffered from the problem of not being able to forget trivial things.

Accepted Answer

Luria's mnemonist had hypermnesia, which is the ability to remember an extraordinary amount of information, including trivial details, but he could not forget them.

Question 3

False memories reported during hypnosis replace real memories,which are frequently believed by the subject.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that false memories can be implanted in subjects via hypnosis, and these false memories may replace real memories in the mind of the subject. In some cases, the subject may strongly believe that the false memories are true, even though they never actually occurred.

Question 4

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the hippocampus,whereas short-term memories are stored in the occipital and temporal lobes of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the prefrontal cortex, while long-term memories are thought to be stored in various regions of the cortex, including the hippocampus. There is still much research being conducted to fully understand the neural basis of memory storage.

Question 5

The constructive processing effect refers to the tendency of people who are asked misleading questions or given misleading information to incorporate that information into their memories for a particular event.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The constructive processing effect refers to the...

Question 6

Memory trace decay theory assumes the presence of a physical memory trace that decays with disuse over time.

Accepted Answer

Memory trace decay theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to the decay of the physical memory trace over time when it is not used or reinforced.

Question 7

A mnemonist is a person with exceptional memory ability.

Accepted Answer

A mnemonist is someone with an extraordinary capacity for remembering and recalling information.

Question 8

Semantic and episodic memories may be stored in the frontal and temporal lobes as well but in different locations than short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic and episodic memories are long-term memories that are stored in the frontal and temporal lobes, but they are stored in different locations than short-term memory, which is primarily stored in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 9

Memories retrieved while under hypnosis are no more accurate than memories retrieved while not under hypnosis,but persons who retrieve memories under hypnosis are far more reluctant to change their answers even when told that they may be wrong.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that memories retrieved under hypnosis are not necessarily more accurate than memories retrieved without hypnosis. However, individuals who retrieve memories under hypnosis tend to be more confident in the accuracy of their memories and may be less likely to change their answers even when presented with contradictory information.

Question 10

Pezdek and colleagues have found that false memories are more likely to be formed for implausible false events than for plausible ones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pezdek and colleagues have found that false...

Question 11

Hypnotized people report more accurate AND inaccurate information than people who are not hypnotized.

Accepted Answer

Hypnotized individuals can sometimes provide more accurate information because hypnosis can enhance memory retrieval. However, they can also report inaccurate information because hypnosis can increase suggestibility and the individual may suggest, fabricate, or confabulate details that were not actually experienced.

Question 12

Hypnosis enhances the confidence people have in their memories,regardless of their accuracy or inaccuracy.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that hypnosis can increase the confidence that people have in their memories, even if those memories are inaccurate or completely fabricated. This is known as the "memory confidence effect" and it highlights the potential dangers of relying too heavily on hypnosis as a tool for uncovering the truth or solving crimes. It is important to remember that hypnosis can be a powerful and useful therapeutic technique, but it should always be used with caution and under the guidance of a trained professional.

Question 13

When old information interferes with the retrieval of newer information,this is called retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of older information.

Question 14

The misinformation effect refers to the tendency of people who are asked misleading questions or given misleading information to incorporate that information into their memories for a particular event.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the misinformation effect.

Question 15

Memory for fear of objects is most likely stored in the cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

Memory for fear of objects is primarily stored in the amygdala, not the cerebellum. The cerebellum is involved in motor control and coordination, but not in the processing of emotional memories.

Question 16

Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the cerebellum,whereas short-term memories are stored in the prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have indicated that procedural memories, which involve the learning of motor skills and habits, are primarily stored in the cerebellum. Whereas, short-term or working memories which involve retaining and manipulating information for immediate use, are primarily processed and stored in the prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex.

Question 17

Encoding failure is often the reason some memories cannot be retrieved,because they were never actually encoded in the first place.

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure occurs when information is not properly stored in memory, leading to difficulty in retrieving it later on. In other words, if a memory was never encoded (or stored) properly in the first place, it cannot be retrieved.

Question 18

Memory trace decay theory can explain forgetting from sensory memory and short-term memory but does not adequately explain forgetting from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Memory trace decay theory suggests that memories fade over time, leading to forgetting. This can explain why we forget information from sensory memory and short-term memory relatively quickly. However, it does not adequately explain why we forget some information from long-term memory while retaining other information for many years. Other theories, such as interference theory and retrieval failure theory, may better explain long-term memory forgetting.

Question 19

When newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information,this is called proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older information interferes with the retrieval of newer information, not the other way around. The scenario described is an example of retroactive interference.

Question 20

Pezdek and colleagues have found that false memories are more likely to be formed for plausible false events than for implausible ones.

Accepted Answer

Pezdek and colleagues have conducted research showing that participants are more likely to form false memories for events that are plausible, or at least could have happened, than for events that are completely implausible. This phenomenon is known as the "illusion of truth," where repetition or familiarity can make something seem more credible, even if it is not actually true.

Quiz 5: A: Memory