Question 1

When George Bush said,"Everything in Iraq is going as planned.Trust me,I am the president," he was using what form of the elaboration likelihood model?

Accepted Answer

The statement made by George Bush is an example of peripheral route processing because it relies on the speaker's authority (in this case, the fact that he is the president) rather than presenting substantive evidence or argument to persuade the listener.

Question 2

The World-Will-End-on-June-7 group got together on June 7 to pray as the world ended.The next day the world did not end.The leader of the group said,"Our prayers saved the world." What process was responsible for the attitude change?

Accepted Answer

The leader of the group experienced cognitive dissonance when the world did not end as predicted. They had a belief that the end of the world was coming on June 7, but the reality of the situation did not match this belief. To reduce the discomfort caused by this inconsistency, the leader attributed the lack of apocalyptic events to the group's prayers. This is an example of cognitive dissonance, where a person changes their belief or attitude to reduce discomfort caused by inconsistency between their beliefs and reality.

Question 3

Expertise,attractiveness,and trustworthiness all relate to which factor of persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness all relate to the source of persuasion, which is the person or entity delivering the message.

Question 4

Jaquan's parents have been talking to him about the negative aspects of drugs ever since he was a youngster.Now that he is a teenager,he knows that some of his friends smoke marijuana.At a party one night,a friend offers Jaquan a joint.Jaquan declines the offer,stating that he hates drugs.Even though he has never tried drugs to form his own opinion of them,which method of attitude formation has kept him from making a mistake?

Accepted Answer

Jaquan's attitude towards drugs has been formed through direct instruction from his parents. He has been taught about the negative aspects of drugs and this knowledge has influenced his decision to decline the offer of a joint.

Question 5

Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences.What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________________.

Accepted Answer

Attitude formation is a process of learning where individuals acquire attitudes through their own experiences, such as direct experience, observation of others, and socialization. Attitudes can also be shaped by culture, media, and other external influences that contribute to the learning process. Therefore, the common factor in all these influences is learning.

Question 6

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate.Based on what she has read about him,she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position,but she agrees with his political positions.Also,she trusts him and likes his decisive personality.In fact,she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign.Her trust of the candidate represents the ______ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

The affective component of attitude refers to emotions and feelings related to the attitude object. Roberta's trust of the candidate represents an emotional attachment to him, indicating the affective component. The cognitive component is related to the beliefs and thoughts about the attitude object, while the behavioral component refers to the actions or behavior towards the object. The situational component is not relevant to Roberta's attitude towards the candidate in this scenario.

Question 7

Luis picks up a pack of cigarettes and reads,"Cigarette smoking is harmful to your health." Which one of the following statements leads one to believe Luis is actually having cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two conflicting beliefs or values. In this case, Luis knows that smoking is harmful to his health, yet he continues to smoke. Option C clearly shows that Luis recognizes the conflict between his knowledge and behavior, indicating cognitive dissonance. The other options do not necessarily indicate conflicting beliefs or values. Option A and B may indicate denial or justification, while Option D shows a different belief rather than a conflict.

Question 8

Which communicator would likely be the most persuasive?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that physical attractiveness can positively influence persuasion, especially when combined with expertise. Therefore, an attractive person who is also an expert would likely be the most persuasive communicator.

Question 9

A state of tension that occurs when a person's attitudes do not match the person's actions is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance is when a person's attitudes and beliefs are in conflict with their behavior or actions, causing discomfort and tension. This can sometimes lead the person to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce the discomfort. The other options are not related to this concept.

Question 10

What process describes the use of social influence to cause other people to change their attitudes and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Persuasion refers to the process of using social influence to change the attitudes and behaviors of others. This can be done through various means, such as logical arguments, emotional appeals, and the use of authority or social norms.

Question 11

What is the relationship between expertise and persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Greater expertise leads to greater persuasion. People with expertise have more knowledge and credibility in the topic they are discussing, which leads others to trust and believe them more easily. As a result, they are more likely to persuade people to adopt their beliefs or take action based on their recommendations. This has been shown in numerous studies, particularly in the fields of medicine and law, where expert witnesses are often used to persuade juries and judges.

Question 12

A local car insurance company advertises their products with television commercials.During those spots,there are flashy lights,attractive dancers wearing skin-tight outfits,and local celebrities talking about how they have that company's insurance.The advertisement does not,however,mention any of the features or costs associated with the product.This company is attempting to earn customers through which path of processing?

Accepted Answer

The use of flashy lights, attractive dancers, and local celebrities indicate that the company is relying on visual and emotional cues to influence the audience's decision-making process, rather than providing them with information about the product. This aligns with the peripheral route of processing, which relies on superficial cues rather than thoughtful evaluation of information.

Question 13

"I hate Walt Disney World.Whenever I take the kids there,I realize how much I hate that place." Which method of attitude formation is involved in this example?

Accepted Answer

The person's negative attitude toward Walt Disney World was likely formed through direct contact, or personal experiences at the theme park.

Question 14

Roberta is trying to decide whether or not to vote for a political candidate.Based on what she has read about him,she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position,but she agrees with his political positions.Also,she trusts him and likes his decisive personality.In fact,she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign.Her sending a donation to the campaign represents the ______ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Roberta sent a small donation to the candidate's campaign represents the behavioral component of her attitude toward him. This demonstrates her willingness to take action in support of him despite her cognitive evaluation that he may not be qualified for the position.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the state of discomfort or psychological stress that occurs when a person's behavior or actions are inconsistent with their beliefs or attitudes. This inconsistency can lead to a change in behavior, attitude or belief.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two conflicting beliefs, attitudes or values. In this scenario, the person believes that reality TV is for morons, but continues to watch American Idol, which is a form of reality TV. This inconsistency creates cognitive dissonance.

Question 17

Which one of the following activities will NOT reduce cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing the behavior in spite of conflicting thoughts will not reduce cognitive dissonance. Instead, it will perpetuate it and potentially increase the discomfort associated with it. The other options - changing behavior to match attitude, changing thoughts to justify behavior, and developing new thoughts to justify behavior - are all ways to reduce cognitive dissonance by aligning thoughts and actions.

Question 18

Kerry's positive attitude toward China,even though she has never been there,seems to be related to the fact that her mother is Chinese and talks about China all the time with Kerry.Which method of attitude formation is involved in this example?

Accepted Answer

The method of attitude formation involved in this example is interaction with others, as Kerry's positive attitude toward China is influenced by her mother's constant talk about the country.

Question 19

Which of the following qualities would make members of a target audience easier to persuade?

Accepted Answer

Younger members of a target audience may be easier to persuade because they are more open to new ideas and may have less entrenched beliefs and attitudes. They may also be more impressionable and susceptible to peer pressure. However, this is not always the case and it ultimately depends on the specific situation and individual members of the target audience.

Question 20

The advice to "keep it simple stupid" suggests that political and other messages should be simple so that the audience will understand the content without distractions.This is an example of which type of processing suggested by the elaboration likelihood model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The advice to "keep it simple stupid"...

Quiz 10: A Social Psychology