Question 1

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

Accepted Answer

Association areas are cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses. Commissural areas connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres, sensory areas receive and process information from the senses, and somesthetic areas are specific to the processing of touch and proprioception. "Processing" is a broad term that can apply to many different cortical functions.

Question 2

In most cases,the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in the

Accepted Answer

The general interpretive center and speech center are primarily located in the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain. This area of the brain is responsible for language processing and interpretation, as well as other higher cognitive functions.

Question 3

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to

Accepted Answer

Damage to the prefrontal cortex can result in difficulties in temporal ordering and sequencing of events. The prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functioning, which includes planning, decision-making, and forming strategies for achieving goals, all of which are important for organizing events in time. Damage to other areas listed, such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area, would result in language deficits rather than temporal ordering difficulties. The general interpretive area is not a specific brain region with a well-defined function. The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory information and memory, but damage to this area would not necessarily result in difficulties in temporal ordering.

Question 4

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum,the functions of each successive level become

Accepted Answer

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions indeed become more complex, involving higher cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and sensory perception. Additionally, these functions become less crucial to visceral functions, which are more so managed by the lower brain regions like the medulla oblongata, which controls vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 5

The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the

Accepted Answer

The gustatory cortex, which is responsible for the perception of taste, is located in the insula and the frontal operculum. The insula is a region of the brain deep within the lateral sulcus, which separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. This area is crucial for processing taste information.

Question 6

The area of the brain that performs spatial visualization and analyzing is the

Accepted Answer

The right cerebral hemisphere is responsible for spatial visualization and analyzing, including tasks such as mental rotation and map reading. The left cerebral hemisphere is more involved in logical and analytical thinking. The cerebellar hemispheres are primarily involved in motor coordination and balance, not spatial visualization. The thalamus is a relay center for sensory information, but not specifically related to spatial visualization.

Question 7

Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious.When he recovers consciousness,he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences.This implies damage to his

Accepted Answer

Bob's inability to understand the meaning of phrases or sentences indicates damage to his Wernicke's area. The Wernicke's area is located in the temporal lobe of the brain and is responsible for the comprehension of language. Damage to this area can result in receptive aphasia or the inability to understand language.  The other options given do not relate to language comprehension.

Question 8

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cerebral cortex is responsible for many higher cognitive functions, including predicting the consequences of events or actions. It is involved in decision-making, planning, and social behavior. The other regions listed do not have a primary role in predicting consequences.

Question 9

Damage to the somatic motor association area of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

Accepted Answer

The somatic motor association area is responsible for the planning and execution of voluntary movements, including those required for playing musical instruments like the piano. Damage to this area could interfere with the ability to initiate and coordinate fine motor movements necessary for playing an instrument. Damage to other areas of the brain, such as the visual association area, would be more likely to affect the ability to understand visual images or texture perception.

Question 10

A person with a damaged visual association area may be

Accepted Answer

The visual association area in the brain is crucial for integrating visual information and linking it with previous visual memories and knowledge. Damage to this area can result in a condition known as visual agnosia, where a person can see objects (in this case, letters) but cannot recognize or interpret them as part of a larger context (such as words). This means they can see letters but may struggle to associate them into words, making option D correct.

Question 11

Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut.As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. By cutting the fibers of the corpus callosum, the communication between the two halves of the brain is disrupted. This means that Jane would be unable to analyze by touch an object in her right hand, which is controlled by the left side of the brain. However, she would still be able to speak, move her left arm, recognize written words, and touch her nose with her eyes closed because these tasks are primarily controlled by the opposite side of the brain.

Question 12

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is responsible for higher order thinking, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and consciousness. It is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres.

Question 13

The visual cortex is located in the

Accepted Answer

The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe. This area is responsible for processing visual information received from the eyes.

Question 14

The auditory cortex is located in the

Accepted Answer

The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe, specifically in the upper portion known as the superior temporal gyrus. This area is responsible for processing auditory information, such as recognizing sounds and speech.

Question 15

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called

Accepted Answer

Association areas are cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses. They are located in between the primary sensory and motor areas in each lobe of the brain.

Question 16

After suffering a blow to the back of the head,Phil loses his vision.The blow probably caused damage to the

Accepted Answer

The visual cortex is responsible for processing visual information, and damage to this area can result in loss of vision.

Question 17

________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech.

Accepted Answer

Integrative centers in the brain are responsible for processing and integrating information from various association areas, directing complex activities like speech, which involves coordination of multiple brain regions and functions.

Question 18

Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere.These complex processes include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that integrative centers are concerned with the performance of complex processes, but are restricted to either the left or right hemisphere. The complex processes listed in the options (speech, writing, mathematical computation, understanding spatial relationships) all involve higher-order cognitive functions that are typically associated with specific hemispheres of the brain. However, vision is not a complex process that is restricted to one hemisphere; rather, visual processing involves multiple regions in both hemispheres of the brain. Therefore, option E (vision) is the best choice for the answer.

Question 19

After suffering a stroke,Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm.This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex responsible for controlling movement on one side of the body is located in the opposite frontal lobe. Therefore, a stroke on the left side of the brain would result in right-sided motor deficits.

Question 20

The general interpretive area

Accepted Answer

The general interpretive area allows us to interpret what is read or heard.

Quiz 13: The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways