Question 1

In the Harvard longitudinal study of personality, which variable was a good indicator of poor adjustment across various domains?

Accepted Answer

According to the study, neuroticism was found to be a consistent predictor of poor adjustment across various domains such as work, relationships, and health. Aggression, low intelligence, and introversion were not consistently linked to poor adjustment.

Question 2

The longitudinal study of child from birth to 18 years old showed that children described as "confident" tended score ______ of scales of __________ at age 18.

Accepted Answer

Children described as "confident" tended to score high on scales of impulsivity at age 18.

Question 3

It is generally accepted in the field that children have differing ____________, or individual differences, that emerge during the first year of life.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to individual differences in behavior, emotions, and reactions that are present early in life and are thought to have a biological basis. Personalities, while related, are a broader construct that includes traits, behaviors, motivations, and thoughts that develop over time and are influenced by a variety of factors. Phenotypes refer to observable physical characteristics, and egos refer to the psychological concept of a person's sense of self.

Question 4

Schmitt and Buss used factor-analysis to define several sexuality factors that came to be known as the Sexy __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schmitt and Buss used factor-analysis to define...

Question 5

Research suggests that men who marry or remarry in late middle age or old age also show signs of a decrease in ______________ with age.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism tends to decrease with age, and research has shown that men who marry or remarry in late middle age or old age also exhibit signs of this decrease.

Question 6

Some theorists do not consider intelligence a personality trait because they do not consider _________ abilities to be personality traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some theorists do not consider intelligence a...

Question 7

In a cross-sectional study of personality stability over time, which of the following was concluded?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a cross-sectional study of personality stability...

Question 8

Data from the Harvard longitudinal study of personality suggests that if one had used personality variables measured in university to predict the accomplishments of these individuals, those predictions would have been

Accepted Answer

Personality variables measured in university can be used to predict the accomplishments of individuals with quite accurate results, as shown by the Harvard longitudinal study of personality.

Question 9

In analyzing the data of the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates begun in 1938, psychiatrist George Vaillant discovered that as people matured their defense mechanisms

Accepted Answer

According to the question, as people matured, their defense mechanisms "matured also." Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 10

The textbook suggests that women who continue to smoke marijuana into midlife, or people who continue to engage in stealing or fighting into midlife are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

The concept of nonnormative development refers to patterns of development that are outside of the normal or expected range, and continuing to engage in behaviors such as smoking marijuana or engaging in criminal activity into midlife would be considered nonnormative.

Question 11

McAdams suggests that trait models fall short when it comes to all of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of McAdams suggests that trait models fall short...

Question 12

What does the textbook suggest about the nature of "life-altering" major experiences in life?

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that while life-altering events do have a real impact, their effects are often exaggerated or overemphasized.

Question 13

Studies of college students suggest that

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that college students who experienced significant decreases in negative emotions had also experienced fewer negative events. This implies that negative emotions are linked to negative events, and reducing negative events can lead to a decrease in negative emotions.

Question 14

In considering the actions of world leaders, the data from the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates would suggest that the decisions made past the age of 50 are more likely to be characterized by______________ than before.

Accepted Answer

According to the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates, as individuals age past 50, they tend to prioritize social relationships, personal growth, and service to others. This suggests a higher likelihood of decision-making that is characterized by altruism or concern for the well-being of others.

Question 15

Research has found that both men and women who increased hostility as they developed from college age to about age 40 experienced all of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has found that both men and...

Question 16

Perhaps the most famous longitudinal study of personality is the Grant Study of ________ Graduates begun in 1938.

Accepted Answer

The Grant Study is a longitudinal study of personality and development that began in 1938 at Harvard University. It followed the lives of 268 male graduates from Harvard University for over 70 years, gathering data on various aspects of their lives including physical and mental health, career success, relationships, and overall well-being.

Question 17

Many personality theorists agree that the number of basic personality factors is ___.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many personality theorists agree that the number...

Question 18

The textbook defines _______ transcendence as the ability of individuals to "stand outside their immediate sense of time and place to view life from a larger, more objective perspective."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook defines _______ transcendence as the...

Question 19

A longitudinal study of male veterans aged 43 to 91 found that those who became more neurotic over time showed about a ________ in mortality over men whose level of Neuroticism decreased.

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided, those who became more neurotic over time showed about a 30% increase in mortality over men whose level of Neuroticism decreased.

Question 20

The results of the Harvard longitudinal study of personality found that __________ in young adulthood drove career and monetary success, whereas _____________ was related to adjustment and the inability to quit smoking in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

According to the Harvard longitudinal study, extraversion in young adulthood was found to drive career and monetary success, while neuroticism was related to adjustment difficulties and the inability to quit smoking in adulthood. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Quiz 3: Personality Traits: Practical Matters