Question 1

Because traits cannot be directly measured in the same way that weight can researchers think of traits as ______________ concepts.

Accepted Answer

: hypothetical

Question 2

In the research on what can be learned about one's personality from their living environment, all of the following were descriptions used in the research

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Eysenck suggested that the human personality is organized into a hierarchy that included all of the following levels of organization

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

The term "oral personality" would be most closely associated with which personality theorist?

Accepted Answer

The term "oral personality" is often used by followers of Freud's psychoanalytic theory to describe someone who has unresolved conflicts related to childhood experiences with oral fixation, such as feeding and weaning. Freud believed that these experiences could lead to personality traits such as dependency and passivity in adulthood.

Question 5

An early example of the idiographic method was Allport's analysis of a series of letters between a woman to which he gave the pseudonym of

Accepted Answer

Allport's analysis of a series of letters was between a woman whom he gave the pseudonym of Jenny.

Question 6

According to Eysenck, if we notice that certain traits tend to occur together in people then we can say that we've identified ALL of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Eysenck, if we notice that...

Question 7

You would likely adopt the _________ approach for your research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You would likely adopt the _________ approach...

Question 8

Currently there are two basic methods for studying traits, the _________ approach and the ____________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The idiographic approach focuses on understanding individual uniqueness and the complex aspects of personality, while the nomothetic approach focuses on identifying general patterns and traits that can be applied to large groups of people. These two approaches are the most commonly used methods for studying traits.

Question 9

Some psychologists view traits as simple summaries of behavior, but others see them as much more, even as __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some psychologists view traits as simple summaries...

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of those kinds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 11

Allport suggested that the individual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Allport suggested that the individual
...

Question 12

The psychologist who is said to have found a way of studying both the general (nomothetic) and specific (idiographic) aspects of human personality is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The psychologist who is said to have...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in chapter 2?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT mentioned...

Question 14

The psychologist who is often blamed for starting the battle between the idiographic and nomothetic approaches is

Accepted Answer

Allport is often credited (or blamed) for starting the battle between the idiographic and nomothetic approaches in personality psychology with his distinction between individual uniqueness (idiographic approach) and common traits (nomothetic approach).

Question 15

If, in researching personality, you were to study the number of synonyms that are used to describe personality in that language you would be employing what type of approach?

Accepted Answer

The lexical approach to personality involves identifying the most important words (synonyms) that people use to describe personalities in a given language. Therefore, studying the number of synonyms used to describe personality in a language would be employing the lexical approach.

Question 16

In the concept of Eysenck's pyramid, one would find idiosyncratic reactions

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncratic reactions are found lower in Eysenck's pyramid, as they represent more specific and individual responses, which are situated at a more detailed and personal level of personality structure.

Question 17

This is his passion, to the exclusion of all other values and activities. This "ruling passion" would be described by Allport as a

Accepted Answer

Allport's theory includes the concept of cardinal traits, which are the dominating traits that shape a person's behavior to the point where almost every action can be traced back to that trait. This "ruling passion" described in the question fits the definition of a cardinal trait as it is the most dominant and all-encompassing trait in the individual's personality.

Question 18

Gosling, Ko, Mannarelli, and Morris reasoned that when people live in an environment they leave behind behavioral _________________.

Accepted Answer

Gosling, Ko, Mannarelli, and Morris proposed the concept of "behavioral residue," which refers to the physical traces left in an environment that reflect an individual's behavior and personality.

Question 19

__________ describe(s) a person's typical style of thinking, feeling, and acting in different kinds of situations and at different times.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ describe(s) a person's typical style of...

Question 20

Complete the following quote from Kurt Lewin: "There is nothing so practical as a good ______."

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin said, "There is nothing so practical as a good theory." This is because a good theory provides a framework for understanding and solving real-world problems, and can be applied in various contexts. A research project, applied degree, or psychologist may all be practical in their own way, but a good theory is the foundation for practical application.

Quiz 2: Personality Traits: a Good Theory