Question 1

Which statement has NOT been suggested as a reason the French are less obese than Americans?

Accepted Answer

Foods in France are not necessarily lower in fat compared to those in the United States; rather, other factors like portion sizes, activity levels, and meal duration have been suggested as reasons for lower obesity rates.

Question 2

When patients were asked to report how many pills they have taken since their last visit, and then the pills in the bottle were counted to assess the accuracy of the patients' report, Roth and Caron found that patients:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When patients were asked to report how...

Question 3

Instead of dieting, some psychologists recommend controlling weight by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instead of dieting, some psychologists recommend controlling...

Question 4

Self-regulation often involves:

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation involves resisting the urge to give in to immediate gratification or impulses, such as eating unhealthy foods or procrastinating on tasks. Options A, C, and D may be helpful in promoting self-reflection and awareness, but they are not necessarily key components of self-regulation.

Question 5

Among people who have just had heart surgery, one would expect that _____ would be _____ likely to have postsurgical complications.

Accepted Answer

Optimists are likely to have better coping mechanisms, lower stress levels, and a more positive outlook, which can lead to better outcomes and fewer complications after heart surgery. Pessimists, on the other hand, may have higher stress levels and a negative outlook, which can increase the risk of complications.

Question 6

Compared to participants who received relaxation and meditation training to deal with stress, participants who received hardiness training experienced _____ in perceived personal stress.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "experienced greater reduction in perceived personal stress" suggests that the participants who received hardiness training experienced a greater reduction in stress than the participants who received relaxation and meditation training. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 7

Dr. Flint, a health psychologist, would offer which reason that explains how optimism allows a person to maintain psychological health during physical illness?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Flint would point out that optimists tend to maintain social contact and leisure activities during treatment, which can help maintain their psychological health by providing a sense of normalcy and social support.

Question 8

Which of these is NOT an example of a secondary gain of illness for a 10-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

Secondary gain refers to the advantages a person might gain from being ill, such as attention or avoiding responsibilities. "Having to look appropriately sick" is more about maintaining the appearance of illness rather than gaining an advantage from it.

Question 9

Someone who fakes physical or psychological symptoms in order to achieve a desired goal is called a:

Accepted Answer

A malingerer is someone who pretends or exaggerates symptoms in order to achieve a desired goal, such as avoiding work or obtaining medication. Borderline personality, hypochondriac, and psychochondriac do not accurately describe someone who fakes symptoms for a certain outcome.

Question 10

Compliance with a treatment deteriorates in all of these EXCEPT when the:

Accepted Answer

Compliance with a treatment typically improves when the number of treatments decreases, as it becomes less burdensome and easier to manage. In contrast, frequent treatments, inconvenient treatments, and painful treatments can all negatively impact compliance.

Question 11

The hardy personality has been shown to offer protection from stress-induced illnesses. According to research, all of these traits are evident in hardiness EXCEPT a:

Accepted Answer

All of the traits listed - a sense of commitment, belief in control, and willingness to accept challenge - are evident in hardiness according to research. However, conscientiousness is not necessarily a defining trait of hardiness.

Question 12

Phil is an optimist, and he will therefore be more likely than a pessimist to experience all these benefits when sick EXCEPT to:

Accepted Answer

While Phil's optimistic mindset may help him maintain positive emotions, avoid negative emotions, and adhere to medical regimens, it is unlikely to directly contribute to a longer life. There are many complex factors that contribute to lifespan, and optimism is just one of them.

Question 13

Which statement BEST describes the effects of optimism on health?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement BEST describes the effects of...

Question 14

The exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preferred standards is called:

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation involves consciously controlling one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve desired goals or meet standards. Self-motivation refers to the drive to engage in goal-oriented behavior, while self-management involves organizing and prioritizing one's tasks and responsibilities. Self-esteem pertains to one's self-worth and overall evaluation of oneself.

Question 15

What is one obligation associated with a sick role for a teenager?

Accepted Answer

The sick role does not excuse someone from all responsibilities or obligations. One obligation associated with the sick role is taking steps to get better and recover from the illness or injury. This includes following medical advice, taking medication, resting, and avoiding activities that could worsen the condition. Missing school or work may be necessary, but it is not an obligation of the sick role. Watching television all day is not a responsibility or obligation associated with being sick.

Question 16

The obesity problem in the United States has its basis in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that Americans consume larger portions of food compared to Europeans, which contributes to the obesity problem in the United States.

Question 17

About what percentage of Americans smoke cigarettes?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2019, approximately 21% of American adults smoked cigarettes.

Question 18

Suzanne Kobasa studied a group of stress-resistant business executives, suggesting that they shared a trait she called:

Accepted Answer

Suzanne Kobasa's research identified a trait that she called "hardiness," which refers to a cluster of personality characteristics including a sense of control, commitment to one's activities, and a belief in the value of challenging experiences. This trait was found to be associated with resilience to stress and better physical and mental health outcomes in the executives she studied. Options B and C are not specifically linked to Kobasa's research, and option D is a more general term that does not capture the specific factors that make up hardiness.

Question 19

About what percentage of American adults are overweight or obese?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of 2021, approximately 69% of American adults are overweight or obese.

Question 20

Jill has an abrasion on the cornea of her right eye. Which condition is LEAST likely promote satisfactory compliance with her treatment regimen?

Accepted Answer

Administering eye drops every 4 hours can be challenging and inconvenient, making it the least likely to promote satisfactory compliance compared to less frequent dosing schedules.

Quiz 14: Section 2: Stress and Health