Question 1

The gray matter in the _____ lobe is denser in people who are bilingual.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gray matter in the _____ lobe...

Question 2

A necessary condition for being a professor of psychology at Harvard University is that:

Accepted Answer

Having a doctorate degree is a necessary condition for being a professor of psychology at Harvard University.

Question 3

The language of the Inuit in Canada has many different terms for frozen white flakes of precipitation, for which we use the term snow. _____ argued that, because of this, the Inuit _____.

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Whorf argued that the language we speak shapes our perception and understanding of the world around us. Therefore, if the Inuit have many different terms for snow, they may perceive and think about it differently than English speakers, who only have one word for it.

Question 4

Damage to Wernicke's area results in:

Accepted Answer

Damage to Wernicke's area results in difficulty in understanding language, known as receptive aphasia. It does not affect grammatical speech (A), genetic dysphasia (C), or identifying non-language sounds (D).

Question 5

Thad suffered a stroke that resulted in brain damage. Thad is overheard saying, "The rain came before my feelings. I think the funny TV is cold. But it needs help with the scissors." Thad probably has suffered damage to the _____ cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thad suffered a stroke that resulted in...

Question 6

The linguistic relativity hypothesis holds that:

Accepted Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis proposes that the structure and content of language can influence the way people perceive and think about the world. For example, if a language does not have a certain word for a concept, it may be difficult for speakers of that language to think about or understand that concept. Therefore, language shapes the nature of thought.

Question 7

Research on color meaning with JB, who suffered progressive deteriorations in understanding the meaning of words even though he performed well on many other perceptual and cognitive tasks, demonstrated that JB was able to:

Accepted Answer

JB was able to sort color patches into piles of red, green, and blue, indicating that he retained some perceptual ability to distinguish colors despite his difficulties with verbal associations.

Question 8

_____ trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to talk using _____.

Accepted Answer

Allen and Beatrix Gardner trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to talk using American Sign Language.

Question 9

A mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects is also known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects is known as a concept. Prototypes are a specific type of concept that represents the ideal or typical example of a category. Exemplars are specific examples of a category that are stored in memory. Ideal forms are a theoretical concept, and are not typically used in psychology to describe mental representations of objects.

Question 10

Which statement is true for bilingual children versus monolingual children?

Accepted Answer

Bilingual children often have a smaller vocabulary in each individual language compared to monolingual children, but their combined vocabulary across both languages can be larger.

Question 11

When Broca's area is damaged, patients:

Accepted Answer

Broca's area, located in the frontal cortex of the brain, is responsible for speech production. When it is damaged, patients have difficulty with speech production, including hesitations and difficulty finding the right words. They may also have agrammatism, which means that they produce sentences with incorrect grammar, but the sentences do have meaning. This means that options A and C are incorrect. Option B is also incorrect because patients with Broca's aphasia have difficulty producing grammatical speech.

Question 12

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university. To maximize student learning, how should the flow chart be oriented?

Accepted Answer

Beginning at the top and moving to the bottom is the best orientation for a timeline flow chart, as it follows the natural reading direction for many cultures, including Chinese. It also allows for a clear chronological progression of events.

Question 13

Wernicke's area is located in the _____ cortex.

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal cortex.

Question 14

When apes communicate using forms of human language, their communication typically lacks:

Accepted Answer

While apes can learn and use sign language or other forms of human language, their communication typically lacks grammatically correct complex sentences. Their use of language tends to consist of shorter, simpler sentence structures without the use of advanced grammar.

Question 15

The linguistic relativity hypothesis was first proposed by:

Accepted Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, was first proposed by Edward Sapir and later developed by Benjamin Whorf. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, Noam Chomsky is a linguist known for his theories on language acquisition, and Bernard Weiner is a social psychologist known for his work on attribution theory.

Question 16

During the first few years of life, language processing in the brain:

Accepted Answer

During the first few years of life, language processing in the brain becomes more concentrated in a few areas and less distributed. This is known as neural pruning, where the brain eliminates the connections between neurons that are not used frequently, resulting in a more efficient and concentrated processing of language in specific brain regions.

Question 17

Which statement about the limitations of language learning in apes is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true. Apes can exhibit both an active and passive mastery of hundreds of words, as demonstrated in studies of language-trained apes such as Kanzi and Koko.

Question 18

Efforts to teach apes human language often focus on:

Accepted Answer

The most successful efforts to teach apes human language have focused on teaching them American Sign Language (ASL). This is because ASL allows apes to communicate using a visual language that is more natural to them than spoken language, and they are able to learn and use a large vocabulary of signs. Teaching them to produce human speech sounds (B) has been largely unsuccessful, and providing them with models of other species who have been taught language (A) has not produced meaningful communication. While careful observation of their own speech systems (C) is important, it is not a primary focus of efforts to teach them language.

Question 19

Broca's area is located in the _____ cortex.

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is located in the left frontal cortex, specifically in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus. This area is responsible for language production, including speech and writing.

Question 20

Winawer et al. (2007) presented English and Russian speakers with a blue sample stimulus. They also were shown two blue comparison stimuli. One comparison stimulus matched the shade of the sample stimulus, and one comparison stimulus was of a different shade. Participants were asked to identify which of the two comparison stimuli matched the sample stimulus. This research found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Winawer et al. (2007) presented English and...

Quiz 9: Section 2: Language and Thought